...This article examines the flaws and criticism on political secularism. It explains that secularism is a beleaguered doctrine and it is also contested in political theory. Critics of secularism claim that it is linked to a flawed modernization, has a mistaken view of rationality and its importance...

... that the term “political secularism” be employed in contradistinction to “secularity,” “secular humanism,” or usages that equate secularism with atheism. It is argued that the fundamental principles that undergird political secularism have a lengthy and complex genealogy in Christian political philosophy...

... democracies meet any standard of political secularism, political secularism is either not essential to liberal democracy or these countries’ status as liberal democracies must be questionable. Political secularism as an ideology is not as influential in the practical politics of democratic states as many...

... itself from religion in order to embrace diversity of all types, religious and non-religious. Political secularism relies on the hope of reaching overlapping consensus between religious and non-religious people. Ethical secularism aims instead to protect diversity by promoting the establishment...

...This chapter explores the relationship between political secularism and liberal democracy. The historical roots of secularism as a political concept are investigated. The various political models of secularism and types of liberal democracy, primarily the Anglo‐American and French traditions...

... of political secularism were developed: one, the Gandhian social project of communal harmony and the other, Indian constitutional secularism marked by the state’s critical respect towards and principled distance from all religions. Both these conceptions are in deep crisis today. This is partly due...

... with or against the secular. Here, recent arguments concerning the importance of researching how worldview secularism and political secularism are both to be differentiated as well as historically intertwined are taken up. Finally, the chapter attempts to determine whether and how both academic strands can...

...Theocratic Secularism. Naser Ghobadzadeh, Oxford University Press. © Oxford University Press 2023. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197606797.003.0001 This book articulates a religious rationale for political secularism in the Iranian/shīʿī context. Belief in theocracy has always been...

...For Bita Introduction By coining the notion of theocratic secularism, this book suggests that Twelver Sh ism embodies a religious rationale for political secularism. It establishes that belief in a pure and unattainable theocracy is the cornerstone of Twelver Sh Islam.1 The divine right to both...