...This chapter describes Brazil's social security system and the highly contentious reform process. While much of the rest of the South American region moved toward individual accounts, Brazil engaged in parametric reforms. Recently, the country introduced the fator previdenci ário...

... systems developed welfare states parametric reforms structural reform population aging labour markets family structures Pension systems spread in Europe during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century as a political response to industrialization and the concomitant social risks...