... at mereological universalism opens the way for a different reading of the arbitrariness charge against strict finitism. In mereology, arbitrariness arguments of the kind discussed above are only one horn of a dilemma against restricted views on composition. If composition is restricted, if some collections have...

... of the contemporary debate stems from van Inwagen (1990) . Van Inwagen’s restriction is surprising: life—only living things and simples exist. Van Inwagen argues as follows: The more moderate, common sense answer to the composition question is mereological restrictionism, which states...

... unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Consider the following two metaphysical questions about pregnancy: (1) When does a new organism of a certain kind start to exist? (2) What is the mereological and topological relationship...

...Andrew Brenner One prominent debate within metaphysics concerns the circumstances under which composition occurs. ¹ One position in that debate contends that composition never occurs, so that nothing is ever a proper part of anything else. This position is ‘mereological nihilism...

..., and to identify the implications that this has for those who want to draw on this literature when making metaphysical or mereological arguments. pregnancy parthood mereology organisms biological individuality European Research Council 10.13039/100010663 European Union 10.13039/501100000780 679586...

.... In that these claims have a distinctive modal force, this recognition has far-reaching consequences that go beyond a defence of pluralism. grounding de re de dicto mereology necessity explanation Is the macro grounded in the micro? That is, is every truth about a macroscopic object fully...

...Damiano Costa; Alessandro Cecconi; Claudio Calosi To spell out how standard mereological wholes are unstructured, Fine uses a set-theoretic analogy. ⁷ He writes: The wood is, as it were, a relatively unstructured version of the tree just as the set {a, b, c, d} is an unstructured...

... University Press, Standard Journals Publication Model ( https://dbpia.nl.go.kr/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model ) Abstract In the literature on mereology it is often accepted that mereological universalism entails extensionalism. More precisely, many accept...

... for extended simples based on physics is far more complex than has been previously thought. We present and then map this complexity, in order to present a much more textured picture of the argument for extended simples. quantum gravity extended simples spacetime realism eliminativism mereology Indeed...

... think. To address this problem, according to Husserl, one must examine the relations between parts and wholes (a branch of philosophy now known as mereology). In the Third Investigation of the Logical Investigations, Husserl explores a special kind of relation in which each “part” would...

... as identity grief parthood identity mereology Everyone will die. Due to that, almost everyone will experience the death of a loved one. The grief and sense of loss that the survivor experiences differ significantly from the sadness felt when hearing of the death of a stranger. The loss of a loved one...

... selection automatically selects different genotypes that over time give rise to biological complexity. The biologically complex organism further gains emergent functions, becoming a mereological whole that possesses a life status distinct from that of its derivative parts. Mereology, in philosophy...

... of Uniqueness of Composition. mereology extensionality composition parthood This says that, for one thing to be a proper part of another, the first must be part of the second, and they must be distinct. ³ It immediately follows that nothing can be a proper part of itself. Irreflexivity...

...’ (which every non-substance dualist other than idealists will have to employ, presumably) is taken as a primitive. Ideological parsimony considerations more clearly seem to count against composition. As Sider ( 2013 ) has recently argued, nihilists can do without mereological primitives (for example...

... things more concrete. Mereological universalists think that for every collection of objects, however gerrymandered or spatially scattered, there is an object that has all of them as parts; mereological nihilists think, by contrast, that no objects have proper parts. So, taking it for granted that chairs...

...J. D. Lafrance Abstract I offer a mereological bundle of universals theory of material objects. The theory says that objects are identical to fusions of immanent universals at regions of space. Immanent universals are in the objects that instantiate them, and they can be wholly located at many...

...David Mark Kovacs Just like SQ, SCQ requests a proper (finite, complete and non-mereological) answer that settles, for each xs, whether those xs compose something. The relevance of SQ to SCQ hardly requires argument. For example Nihilism, the view that no xs ever compose...

... Hossack K mereology Parts relations concrete particulars Frege G Bergman Bergmann H S H Kastil A Nida Rümelin M Ehrenfels C von Husserl E Leśniewski S Simons P M Stumpf C Twardowski K existence nominalism substance Baumgartner W truthmaker regress higher order theory self...

...Do Russellian propositions have their constituents as parts? One reason for thinking not is that if they did, they would generate counterexamples to plausible mereological principles. As Frege noted, they would seem to violate the transitivity of parthood, and as William Bynoe has noted (speaking...

...The merits of standard mereology have been discussed by metaphysicians concerned with the part–whole properties of material objects. Less discussed is what semantic repercussions a commitment to mereological sums might have on the predicted behaviour of singular terms and our use of such terms...