... neural networks (SNNs) have superior energy efficiency due to their spiking signal transmission, which mimics biological nervous systems, but they are difficult to train effectively. Although surrogate gradient-based methods offer a workable solution, trained SNNs frequently fall into local minima...

...Peter Hall; J. S. Marron Address for correspondence: Department of Statistics, Australian National University, GPO Box 4, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia. J. R. Statist. Soc. B (1991) 53, No. I, pp. 245-252 Local Minima in Cross-validation Functions By PETER HALL rand J. S. MARRON Brown...

... science, where blind faith is being invested in results obtained from algorithms that are fast, and proven to have machine precision. automatic differentiation (AD) global optimum Hessian likelihood local minima objective function optimization parameters positive definite...

..., originally posed for the problem of Bolza in the calculus of variations. Keywords: optimal control; sufficient conditions for optimality; local minima; singularity; strengthened Legendre–Clebsch condition; equality constraints. 1. Introduction In the classical calculus of variations...

... cell, packets can be transmitted directly; otherwise, packets are forwarded to routing neighbors that are in cells closer to destination cells. As a greedy strategy, grid routing suffers the existence of local minima at which no neighbor nodes exist for relaying packets. To guarantee deliverability...

.... Moreover, we also study the non-parametric variable state problem of Bolza and derive sufficient conditions for singular and non-singular extremals for weak and strong local minima. calculus of variations singular extremals strengthened condition of Weierstrass sufficiency for local minima IMA Journal...

... condition of Weierstrass sufficiency for local minima 21 3 2006 3 1 2007 IMA Journal of Mathematical Control and Information (2008) 25, 59 74 doi:10.1093/imamci/dnm005 − Advance Access publication on March 10, 2007 Weakening the strengthened condition...

...Javier F. Rosenblueth; Gerardo Sánchez Licea calculus of variations; sufficiency for local minima; Weierstrass and Legendre's strengthened conditions; singular extremals Received 4 June 2003. Institute of Mathematics and its Applications 2004 2004 Abstract Sufficiency for strong local...

.... It focuses the user’s attention on the object, and gives the user the impression of manipulating the object itself. balance collision avoidance dynamics energy constraints icons jacks kinesthetic feedback local minima mouse line This chapter describes the basic architecture of the Jack...

... input, goes into a transfer function f, which produces the scalar neuron output a. Back Propagation Data Preprocessing Extrapolation Generalization Hidden Layer Interpolation Local Minima Mean Square Error NN Training Overfitting In this section, we want to give a brief introduction to neural...

... draping flexible figures globographic limits human factors analysis individual database joint centers local minima In order to manipulate and animate a human figure with computer graphics, a suitable figure must be modeled. This entails constructing a satisfactory surface skin...