...Jeffrey Bulger Abstract: The healthcare treatment for minors involves a complex three-way relationship encompassing the minors, their parents or legal guardians, and healthcare practitioners. This relationship navigates the minor’s autonomy (informed consent), the right to informed assent (informed...

...Jeffrey Bulger The right of patients to withhold and withdraw from healthcare treatment is based on the principle of autonomy and the moral obligation of practitioners to pursue the patient’s best interests and “first do no harm.” The patient’s autonomy is protected through informed consent, living...