... European Economic Community Blair Tony Macmillan Harold North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NATO poodle to American wishes Roosevelt Franklin D Power Influence Hegemony Realism Antonio Gramsci Hegemonic division of labour Hard power Soft power In the 1990s it was not uncommon for academic texts...

...) power of cities, the legal realities (or “hard” power) of local government within and beyond the state remain constrained in many important ways. This chapter builds on the experiences of cities in the European Union to reflect on the divergence between “soft” and “hard” power of cities with respect...

... Xi Jinping soft power sharp power hard power In the span of just a few months in 2018, national elections roiled Malaysia and brought what seemed like landmark change to the Southeast Asian state. The country had been a longtime autocracy: Malaysia had been run by essentially the same coalition...

...This chapter discusses the achievements and challenges that India faced in its quest for status while considering the key hard-power markers. These ingredients are essential for status enhancement, accommodation by established powers, and recognition by non-great power states. The hard-power...

... Stent Angela Xi Jinping Yanukovych Viktor South Korea Iran Turkey Nye Joseph Jr soft power concept of Russia grand strategy foreign policy decision-making threat perception defensiveness quest for recognition hard power deterrence influence Prince Klemens von Metternich, the Austrian...

...Daring to Struggle. Bates Gill, Oxford University Press. © Oxford University Press 2022. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780197545645.003.0006 Chapter 5 focuses on China’s pursuit of hard power and how it exercises that power through economic leverage and military coercion. This chapter details...

.... This fluidity conditioned Tang China's international behavior, which demonstrated changeable patterns, from alternative use of soft power and hard power, to simultaneous use of both, to comprehensive power. The chapter also shows how the Tang and its neighbors all realized that competition and conflict were...

... framework globalization Afghanistan Democrats 66 D66 Fortuyn Pim Hirshi Ali affair Labour Party PvdA West New Guinea foreign policy hard power soft power domesticization politicization middle power status Dutch foreign policy has always manoeuvred between the pressures coming from the Kingdom’s...

... War casualties hard power grand strategy American policymakers United States How do the casualties of strategy matter? Are the human consequences of strategic choices a distraction, or should they be centered? Grand strategy seeks to set particularities aside and focus on the big picture, so...

... the USA's ‘balancing by divergence’ strategy. ASEAN Asia Europe Meeting EU–China Regionalism Taiwan United States European Union ASEAN Regional Forum Proliferation Intergovernmentalism East Asian Summit Japan Korea Middle East Terrorism power perceptions soft power hard power USA Europe...

... ” “backstage” arena deliberation Snyder Timothy Steinmeier Frank Walter culture polarization Roosevelt Franklin D Reagan Ronald power hard power soft power Strategy D Strategy I Joseph S. Nye Jr. Max Weber influence dependency resources Max (Maximilian Karl Emil) Weber was an old-school German...

... theoretical explanation that traces the origins of power in world politics to domestic political institutions. It makes a “hard power” case for democracy. The chapter then lays out a competitive strategy for the United States in this new era of great power rivalry. It urges the United States to strengthen its...

... hard power It is tempting to dismiss the insurrection as an isolated incident perpetrated by a few bad actors. Republicans may find the “bad apples” view appealing because it absolves their leaders of blame. (Assuming they don’t blame Antifa and BLM, or the FBI and the CIA.) White progressives may...

...—and without any recognized world government. The chapter explores how these international systems have evolved over time to their present incarnation, then looks at how activists can harness the system to initiate change. Here, they have two choices: ‘hard power’, which can compel governments to act...

... in the narrow domain of government action, but reflect broad arenas of societal capability in which “hard” power is merely tangential. Information age Internet Land Mines Treaty Microsoft NASA Seattle WTO protests Williams Jodie World Trade Organization WTO American Revolution Bacon Francis Darnton...

... Assemblies of God AG Asceticism patrimony police community insider community outsider threat violence moral authority hard power soft power failing state Lower-class Salvadoran towns are crowded with actors and activities. Signs promoting mayoral candidates pop up during election season, stands...

.... Some fundamental questions are: Why have successive Indian leaders believed that the country has a destiny to rise as a major power, despite its relative weaknesses in tangible hard power resources military, economic, technological, and demographic assets v isvis other leading powers of the day...

... free rider problem “Normative Power Europe” Nye Joseph S power “Regulatory Power Europe” soft power expectations–capability gap Single European Market SEM Zielonka Jan hard power Wallace William Armitage Richard Ashton Catherine Axelrod Robert civilian power Cooper Robert Moravcsik...