... navigator progresses from a fixed origin to a fixed final destination, always passing intervening landmarks in the same order and with the same spatial orientation to them. By contrast, in an exocentric type of navigation the navigator's spatial orientation to objects in the environment is fluid. This type...

...: normally an autocentric stance, in which one assesses relative to oneself; but sometimes instead an exocentric stance, in which one assesses “as though” by another person. Exocentric stances must be carefully distinguished from indexical interpretation. Assessment involves...

... present some interesting differences from assertions, particularly with regard to the adoption of stances. ¹⁰ As we have seen, truth assessment requires the adoption of a stance—autocentric or exocentric. Because assertion is governed by a norm that the asserted content be true , a speaker...

... in the area of compounding. The second major point about compounds is their meaning. Various construction types with apparently different meanings are termed ‘compounds’ (endocentric compound, exocentric compounds, coordinative compounds) but it is not always easy to fit individual examples...

... Jackendoff R Kratzer A parameters syntax–semantics interface acquisitional evidence culmination denotation evidence Levin B manner of motion verbs Naigles L patients verbal predicates compound word endocentric compound exocentric compound synthetic compound recursion head modifier order...

.... This reconstruction reveals selection pressures that would have steered evolution towards a transitive stage, and uncovers a host of fossils found across all modern languages, including unaccusatives, nominals, absolutives, and exocentric compounds. Strong support for the gradualist approach also comes from...

... endocentrics. Most productive of the exocentric compounds is the adjectival type (bahuvrihis). Predominant among the synthetic type are those with -(j)an- and participial heads. Gothic has identificational compounds but possibly no dvandvas. These are difficult to identify due to uncertainties in the meaning...

... such as inflection and compounding, derivation outside compounding, exocentric compounds, and coordinative compounds. Hungarian adjectival compounds productivity root compounds argument relations deverbal compounds complex verbs particle verbs derivation inflection coordinate compounds exocentric...

... and exocentric exemplars are investigated. In addition, the semantics of both blends and neoclassical compounds are examined and the extent to which their semantic properties are similar to those of other compounds is considered. Finally the chapter looks at the semantic properties of several marginal...

... of the different compound types in English. Exocentric compounds are argued to be endocentric. Functional categories are highly restricted. Antisymmetry explains the absence of verbs like *to truck-drive when truck-driver is derived from truck-drive plus...

... sentences. The clause is analyzed as a relatively flat exocentric structure, and and other analyses of the clause (headed by a functional category, or further dissected into binary constituents) are considered and rejected. Three complex sentence types are analyzed as structures headed by a functional head...