... market institutions. An important reason for the recent dominance of neoliberal economic orthodoxy is that, in addition to the natural tendency of powerful economic interests to promote an ideology that favours them, empirical evidence is not sufficient, on its own, to expose its fundamental weaknesses...

... of some economies, like that of Greece. The long boom that preceded the 2008 crash was a period when economic orthodoxy was strong and centered on the building of models often expressed in elegant mathematics but with little purchase on real-world problems of economic development. Orthodox policy advice...

... the existing economic orthodoxy, but is also critical of the pragmatic willingness to adopt whatever is assumed to achieve a given end. Several authors have advocated the idea of a potential union between ecological economics and neoclassical resource and environmental economics. deep ecology ecological...

... in other late industrializers. Moreover, Matsukata emerged as a practitioner primarily of unorthodox policies from the standpoint of both nineteenth- and late-twentieth-century versions of financial and economic orthodoxy. He also departed from orthodox mindsets in his pursuit of statist and nationalist...

...This chapter looks at the experiences and ideas that influenced Matsukata both in his commitment to aspects of mid-nineteenth-century British economic orthodoxy and in his predilection for unorthodox policies on certain issues. A widely held view is that, as finance czar, Matsukata rigidly applied...

...The conclusion reflects on how the IMF’s post-crash rethink has sought to alter the contours of ‘sound’ economic policy. It reflects on the implications of the argument of the book as a whole about malleability of economic orthodoxy. It considers the scope and limits of the IMF authority in its...

... issued currency land banks financial crisis 2007–8 shadow banking sector money economic orthodoxy legal institution John Locke fiscal value cash premium unit of account free-minting tax anticipation bank issued money capitalism Money has long played a central role in the character...