... and false assumption of frictionless barter. Attempting to apply such microeconomic foundations to understand a monetary economy means that mistakes in reasoning are inevitable. ¹⁰ Address for correspondence: School of Economics and Public Policy, University of Adelaide, 10...

... century, the most valuable firms in the world are valued primarily for their data. This article describes a set of tools to measure and value data and highlights unanswered questions, where more research is needed. Data economy Data valuation Data barter Asset pricing G12 E01 In the twenty-first...

... analytical status and follows Schumpeter in his attribution of monetary neutrality: so long as money ‘functions normally, it does not affect the economic process, which behaves in the same way as it would in a barter economy’ (Schumpeter as in Ingham, 1996 , p. 511; Ingham, 2004 , p. 17...

...This book’s theory stresses the effect of credit on capital but the literature is preoccupied by the effect of capital on credit. Two broad perspectives on the effect of capital on credit, namely the barter and the monetary perspective, are set out. There is no money in a barter economy and so...

... prostitution brothels Soviet soldiers Soviet Union USSR SS Schutzstaffel Wehrmacht cont sexual bartering Zvychaina Olena Hilger Otto Maeger Herbert alcohol Manstein Field Marshal Erich von military command Reichenau Field Marshal Walter von consensual relations Germany protective relationships...

... of rest” that gave favored inmates a chance to rebuild their strength, and his transfer from a relatively privileged indoor work assignment to a general work detail outdoors. During this period, Formakov’s wife sent him regular parcels of newspapers, which he bartered for money and food. Formakov also...

... commodity or manufacture for another, is highly convenient and beneficial to mankind because it eliminates the inefficiencies and instabilities of barter exchange. Money is simply a socially agreed-upon medium of exchange and the true standard for value is provided by labor. A plentiful money supply does...

... Andrews Todd capitalism profiteering crime consultation Findlater Dermot Woolton Frederick James Marquis Lord bread clothing Fine Gael tea Dublin Opinion Trade business Anglo-Irish commerce state regulation maritime barter Guinness Lemass I have discovered that the real cause...

... dispatched, the attitudes of the medical staff are gruff and somewhat unfriendly, which serves to isolate the survivors from everyone else. Barter Surgeon Red Cross British Gurkha Finally, after many weeks, the British landed in significant numbers. Immediately it became clear that they were...

...Fig. 3.1-3.25 Monetary exchange in Asia Minor started with barter and continued with the use of a wide range of commodities as money. Coinage originated in the middle of the seventh century. In Anatolia and parts of the Near East, precious metals had long been in general use for commercial purposes...

... the Europeans and the Native Americans divided and grouped together differently, and so began trade and barter. These cultures also had certain differences, and this chapter examines how Kentucky started out as a diverse state. Europeans frontier period Native Americans Shawnee Indians Adair County Boone...

...In 1810 more than 2,000 distilleries operated in Kentucky. Though widely distributed throughout the state, the largest number of distilleries operated in the Bluegrass region, where some counties had more than 150 works. Frontier distillers used whiskey to barter and as currency in the cash economy...

... monetary policy. In turn, the chapter considers popular responses to the shortage of small change that occurred, including barter and the use of foreign money. Most remarkable was the proliferation of consumption credit in England. Consumption credit, routinely extended by neighbors to one another, allowed...

...Early forms of money included agricultural commodities and metals, such as silver bullion and barley in Mesopotamia or gold, silver, and bronze in Egypt. The fungibility of metals made them particularly useful. Aristotle provides one view of how barter gave way to coined money, but this question...

...This chapter is a math-free theoretical framework of money. It begins with the reasons we need money as a medium of exchange (instead of using barter or credit) and as a medium of unilateral payment. Then it discusses how the need for money can be fulfilled, and how laws can help a certain money...

.... Emphasis is given to money, credit, and war finance. The English people had silver coins, but they were well aware of alternatives. They had some medieval barter leftovers, and read of token money in other times and places. Most of their trade, however, was performed with oral or written credit, which had...

.../9780198829911.003.0062 Monetary transformation means the conceptual restoration of the functions of money in a former quasi-barter economy, in which the use of legal money and foreign currency was limited and financial markets were widely non-existent. Therefore, the chapter throws special light on the development...

... Institutes Diocletian Maximinian Edicts Vicus P Gen Lat Deposit Barter Capital punishment Honestiores Justinian Proculan school Sabinian school Stipulatio Agriculture Military Roman Britain trade Romanization living law, barter Vindolanda Providing a survey of ‘provincial law’ for any...