... requires a coherent vision of Western interests. In the new world order, such coherence cannot be taken for granted. transatlantic relationship Russia–Ukraine War strategic autonomy European security democracy vs. autocracy The transatlantic relationship deteriorated significantly over the past three...

... mechanisms, this article examines autocracies’ impact on the institutions and practices of international human rights law. It argues that that rather than creating new law that turns international law as a whole (more) authoritarian, the Chinese party-state is primarily—and even more dangerously—corroding...

... autocracy Most states in the world, large or small, have a substantial tradition of espionage and internal security organizations, engaging in all manner of surveillance activities. The literature on this subject is increasingly voluminous and sophisticated. ¹ Yet in more than a century...

.... autocracy Russia Eurasian Economic Union regionalism regional international organization political regimes geopolitics foreign policy The past decade has seen a resurgence of activism by authoritarian states in the global arena. Autocracies such as China, Russia and Venezuela promote their own...

...Anja Mihr Europe political transition regime consolidation democracy autocracy After the end of a conflict or an autocratic and atrocious regime, transitional justice (TJ) measures are often seen as a way to reform, reunite and stabilize a conflict-torn society and reestablish peace, the rule...

... Zahid Turkey Ottoman Empire religion regime state secularism political Islam democracy autocracy Religion, and particularly the forces of political Islam and state secularism, have been central to discussions of regime stability in the Turkish case. ¹ After its founding...

...This chapter looks at autocracy as the concept most widely used to describe the political culture of the Russian state before 1917. It explains how autocracy, understood as the unlimited rule of the monarch over his subjects, is often taken as the signature characteristic of Russian political...

... shocks and electoral continuity. More than 9 in 10 democratic transitions satisfy at least one of these six conditions. The chapter outlines how stable autocracy rests on an equilibrium in which leaders rely on elite supporters to restrain opponents. It argues the key motives for democratization — leader...

... and intellectual life. Eventually, the new class of high officials and the pre-existing Serbian notables sought to end Miloš’s autocracy and share power, and these he was unable to defeat, resulting in his abdication. The rule of law was consequently established in Serbia under a constitution and oligarchy...

... the preoccupation of the modern world with irony. They reveal the democratic suspicion of leaders that is reflected in modern management theory, which finds leadership problematic because of its inherent drift to autocracy, but solves the dilemma by placing restrictions on the power of leaders, such as the need...

... as representing the forces of liberalism and democracy against conservatism and autocracy, their Russian counterparts pose as the champions of an alternative to the Western-led liberal world order. liberalism Christian liberty pluralism Putin Vladimir Chernyshevsky Nikolai Russian liberalism free market...

... to discuss how it might be best to proceed in the wake of the recent events. There was certainly no question at all, but that Guenzburg and his near equivalents were in every sense pillars of the established order and recognized and accepted as such by the autocracy at all levels. In the great swirl...

..., China, and Latin America, as well as contemporary dynamics especially in Africa, the Middle East and North Africa. authoritarianism autocracy women’s rights women’s movements gender state feminism legitimacy Democracies have historically been associated with women’s rights ( Inglehart and Norris...

... for future research are discussed, emphasizing the importance of studying negative cases, devoting more attention to diffusion through admiration, and analysing diffusion dynamics across elite groups within regime coalitions. authoritarian diffusion authoritarian learning authoritarian emulation autocracy...

..., rotation, and digitalization, to monitor and ensure compliance among subordinates. The chapter concludes with a discussion of unanswered questions surrounding how these bureaucracies work as well as avenues for future research. bureaucracy governance accountability autocracy institutions public goods...

...This brief chapter sketches the development of three types of electoral authoritarianism in Central America since 1900. If oligarchic regimes were the least common, personalist dictatorships were the most common, followed by military-dominated electoral autocracies. Each was the outcome...

...Liberal political science misconceives socialist autocracy in China as the opposite, reinforcing its incapacity to explain the worldwide democratic recession in the 21st century and the failure of any democracy to recover. A fatal flaw of liberal scholarship lies in the conceptualization...

...The literature on the choice and effects of electoral rules in autocracies tends to focus on the dictator’s preferences. However, it is important to recognize that even the most powerful autocrats choose rules under constraints. The constraints may come in the form of opposition actors who threaten...

... collective action autocracy Following more than a half-century of empirical and theoretical advances (Blanton et al. 1993 : 1–27; Wolf 1994 ), our understanding of the nature and variability of prehispanic Mesoamerican states and empires has expanded significantly, but fundamental questions...