...This chapter explores some of the experiments looking for dark matter in the galaxy. It reviews astronomical observations that have provided conclusive evidence of dark matter's existence, noting how experimenters now face the challenge of measuring its properties. It also mentions axions, which...

...This chapter illustrates how the solar system turned out to be much larger than previously imagined. In the 2nd century AD, Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy, working in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, put the distance of the Sun at a mere 1,210 Earth radii, an estimate that had stood for 1,500...

...This concluding chapter talks about how astronomers and space agencies in dozens of countries are helping to see the solar system as never before, transforming points of light into real worlds, and even bringing samples of those worlds back to Earth. At the same time, the stunning discovery...

...This introduction discusses the theme of this volume which is about the conflict between Galileo and Christoph Scheiner on the nature and location of sunspots. It explains that the conflict had preoccupied European astronomers and philosophers for over a century. Galileo's interpretation...

...0 20 08 1992 The notion that a time series is composed of several unobserved components of different periodicities was an essential part of many of the theories put forward by seventeenth-century astronomers. It was therefore natural that the first person to explain periodicities in economic...

...0 08 04 1999 During a 1963 meeting in Washington, D.C., a group of radio astronomers had dinner at the home of Gart Westerhout, a Dutch scientist then on the faculty of the University of Maryland. Alan Barrett of MIT, one of the guests, soon had the party buzzing over his news. He...

...0 09 02 2006 Astronomers used to be extraordinarily biased. Our eyes and telescopes, at least until a half-century ago, were limited to optical wavelengths. In fact, the visible part of the spectrum, spanning the colours of the rainbow, violet to red, is only a tiny part of the electromagnetic...

... was fixed by the insertion of a correcting mirror, and the Hubble Space Telescope has fulfilled most of the dreams of NASA’s publicists, and even of astronomers. astronomy atmosphere Observatory astronomers Hubble This content is only available as a PDF. ...

...0 16 12 1990 Scaliger’s treatment of the Islamic year necessarily added little save refinement to what was already available by way of technical analysis. Astronomers and computists knew the length of the Islamic year, the 30-year cycle that governed it, the Julian date of the Hegira from which...

... and the mathematical sciences the process of ‘rebirth’ is generally seen as starting later, perhaps in the mid-fifteenth century, with astronomers’ attempts to return directly to Greek sources. This scientific Renaissance, like that of the arts, has no definite> end-which is to say that books with titles...

...0 10 12 1998 Subsequent to Neptune’s discovery in 1846, several astronomers, notably Percival Lowell, calculated that the remaining discrepancies between observed and predicted motions of Uranus and Neptune were due to the presence of a trans-Neptunian planet. Various searches were made...

...This chapter discusses the overwhelming consensus that had developed among the Martian cognoscenti by 1870, proving that Mars has water. It refers to astronomers in the late-nineteenth century that felt quite certain they had proven that Mars has considerable amounts of water in its atmosphere...

...This chapter focuses on part II, Chapter 24 of Maimonides’ Guide of the Perplexed, which discusses the incompatibility of the models used by professional astronomers with the basic tenets of the Aristotelian world-view. On the one hand, the epicycles and eccentrics employed...

...The Life and Work of James Bradley. John Fisher, Oxford University Press. © John Fisher (2023). DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780198884200.003.0010 Bradley’s appointment as the third Astronomer Royal came one day after Sir Robert Walpole lost a division in the House of Commons, the first...

... Marius Simon Dissertatio cum nuncio sidereo Kepler Gaultier de la Vallette Joseph patrons astronomical discoveries as path to Peiresc Nicolas Claude Fabri de Florence transition from Padua to Medici Giuliano de' conveys emperor's request for telescope Narratio de observatis Kepler Padua income...

...This chapter describes Sarah Conger's fascination with the Imperial Observatory. The Imperial Observatory was built on the southeast corner of the old city wall in 1296 during the reign of Khublai Khan. Under the Mongols, the observatory (largely the work of Muslim astronomers) had consisted...

...This chapter focuses on disagreements between astronomers regarding time calculations. One astronomer rejected the unequal length of the four yugas; Āryabhaṭa in the fifth century AD was singled out even in later times as having argued in favour of four ages of equal length...

... electricity Royal Horticultural Society Salomons David Salomons David Lionel second Baronet Salomons Philip University College London University College School Geological Society Institution of Electrical Engineers Physical Society Royal Astronomical Society Royal Microscopical Society Royal...

...For Deborah Melius sero quam numquam. (Better late than never.) Foreword If asked about famous eighteenth-century astronomers, most members of the British general public would be able to identify Edmond Halley, the second Astronomer Royal, who in 1705 showed that the eponymous comet of 1682 had...

... the Tokugawa period (1600-1868). The book shows how the notion of time as universal and mathematical first emerged among a narrow circle of astronomers, for whom initially it was a kind of time that best suited their measurement and calculation practices. As this notion of time spread however, scholars...