... Sidgwick Henry Keller Simon Perspective Parfit Derek Phillips David Egoism rational Agent centered prerogative Scheffler Samuel Crisp Roger Dual source view Dancy Jonathan Kagan Shelly Williams Bernard egoism impartialism interests Thomas Nagel Samuel Scheffler Roger Crisp reasons first...

...This chapter examines the contemporary philosophical responses of John Rawls and Thomas Nagel to the diversity of opinions, customs, and ideologies prevalent in society. Their responses differ in many important respects but share a common attitude marked by three features. First, the response...

... with the potential subject of harm. Criticisms of these arguments, principally those of Thomas Nagel and Fred Feldman are investigated and evaluated. Can there be unperceived harms? And can death be an evil even if it is not contemporaneous with the subject of harm? Epicurus harm pain pleasure belief perception...

...Toshio Kuwako locates this Happy Fish anecdote within the “other minds” debate that has been a central theme of analytic philosophy over the recent century, taking into account the “other species” concerns expressed in the more recent philosophical literature by Thomas Nagel and Peter Singer. He...

... analogy swimmers analogy accountability authenticity dignity Kant Thomas Nagel In this chapter we make two arguments. First, we argue that in his final book, Justice for Hedgehogs, Dworkin adopts an interpretive approach to Kant’s ethics as the basis for his two principles...

... by Bernard Williams and Thomas Nagel, in relation to institutional agents as the objects of moral responsibility judgements. Specifically, this chapter suggests that luck can affect the nature of agents’ choices, the consequences of their actions, and, perhaps most profoundly, their very...

...This chapter considers Thomas Nagel's approach to political philosophy and argues that his various statements about reasonable rejection generate an inconsistency at a politically sensitive point. Nagel is aware that his endorsement of rich people's opposition to radical redistribution “may seem...

... Descartes René Nagel Thomas sign symbol symbolism calculus calculi doubt Carnap Rudolf common sense knowledge Rhees Rush Hilbert David Dummett Michael Wright Crispin McGinn Marie Rene Descartes philosophy Thomas Nagel The Last Word infinity grammar Ludwig Wittgenstein quasi-perceptual...

... repeating the slogan. consciousness experience phenomenology philosophy of mind Thomas Nagel The topic of this chapter is a way of speaking and thinking that has gained enormous popularity in recent philosophy. It is the idea that experiences and consciousness can be illuminatingly characterized...

...-noticed footnote in Thomas Nagel’s wonderful “What Is It Like to Be a Bat?”. ⁵ The relevant part of the footnote runs as follows: A theory that explained how the mind-brain relation was necessary would still leave us with Kripke’s problem of explaining why it nevertheless appears contingent...

... Art perfection and Natural world nature Uniformity Unity Ghosts as literary convention The Mind of the Maker Sayers Real world reality agreement of Lewis and Nagel on Sayers Dorothy Eddington Arthur Incarnation aesthetics teleological emergentism Thomas Nagel deflationary fallacy...

... be right, since these arguments apply equally in cases in which we feel no intuition of distinctness. Instead, he draws on remarks of Thomas Nagel to argue that the intuition of distinctness is due to an “antipathetic fallacy”: we move from the true premise that phenomenal concepts don’t involve conscious...

... Clare marriage discontinuation of state recognition of liberal axioms Rawlsian provenance of abortion John Rawls Thomas Nagel public reason same-sex marriage euthanasia animal rights moral personhood Whereas Chapter 2 has been preponderantly defensive in endeavoring to ward off some...

... egalitarianism global institutions arbitrariness and justice social cooperation institutional impact coercion Thomas Nagel As mentioned in the previous chapter, luck egalitarianism can more straightforwardly support a global scope for equality than democratic equality. This is because, unlike democratic...

... a central role in English-speaking moral and political philosophy. However, as the textbooks tell us, around 1970, utilitarianism encountered a wave of criticisms from, to name only a few, Bernard Williams, John Rawls, Thomas Nagel, Robert Nozick, T. M. Scanlon, Amartya Sen, and others. One of the sources...

.... ²⁷ Nagel thinks that the concern for equality should ignore the numbers of individuals. However, he later admits that we cannot ignore the numbers entirely. He does not tell us how these claims can be reconciled. Thomas Nagel is another well-known critic of utilitarianism. Like Rawls, he puts forward...

...Governing Least. Dan Moller, Oxford University Press (2019). © Dan Moller. DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190863241.003.0005 This chapter argues that private property constrains what the state may do. Figures like John Rawls, Thomas Nagel, and G. A. Cohen have advanced views according...

... influential arguments for nihilism. Albert Camus defends nihilism by combining a supernaturalist theory of meaning in life with the atheist view that nothing supernatural exists, while David Benatar, inspired by the work of Arthur Schopenhauer and Thomas Nagel, maintains that our lives are meaningless from...

... harmful Murdoch Iris love Christianity God moral law Williams Bernard G. E. Moore Good simpliciter Normativity Agent-neutrality Thomas Nagel Reasons Realism Pluralism Reasons externalism The full proposal is that human beings are of value because, as valuers, we bear a certain kind...