...” at a critical moment in the history of both Empire and Church. Augustine Constitutio Antoniniana Porphyry of Tyre Salus swthriva Smith Andrew Third Century Crisis Universal Salvation Alexander the Great Caracalla Decius Diocletian Iamblichus Rome Severan Dynasty Constantine Cynic Philosophers...

... of Caesarea. The main arguments are that Christianity received an enormous boost, despite efforts at suppression, from the economic, social, and political troubles, including famines and plagues, of the “Third Century Crisis,” and that Porphyry’s efforts to counter it on an intellectual level, though...

... of the Roman conquest state occasioned Augustus's institution of the Principate, those of the Third-Century Crisis gave rise to the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine that entailed similarly weighty implications. The period saw the further entrenchment of imperial autocracy as the ruling principle...

... Pythia thermal baths in Bithynia Byzantium city on the Bosphorus society slavery humiliores third-century crisis sex work hospitality poverty When Helena was born, the Roman empire had around 50 million inhabitants. ¹ The vast majority of them remain to us just part of that statistic...

... Augusta Raurica Augustus Lake Constance Coin hoards Gallic Empire Roman history coin circulation third-century crisis Hoards containing coins of the Gallic Empire, the breakaway state that declared independence from the Central Roman Empire between ad 260 and 274, are extremely numerous...

...-century crisis Völkerwanderung Tacitus described a great arc of tribes, from modern Württemberg to the Vistula, which he classified as ‘Suebi’. The ‘oldest and noblest’ of these were the Semnones, whom Tacitus appears to have located on the middle Elbe. ¹ It used to be thought...

...Setting Porphyrian universalism in its historical, social, political, economic, and cultural milieu, this chapter analyzes the development of universalist notions of salvation specifically in the context of the Third Century Crisis of the Roman Empire. Of the three main components of the imperial...

..., whereas the size and importance of most of the surviving ones decreased from the third century onwards. In the past, both factors are linked with the so-called third-century crisis. However, opposing patterns can be observed in the countryside, where luxurious villae were built...