... passive voice stochastic generalization redundancy Dingare syntax stochastic interpretation optimality theory markedness gradedness categoricity grammar Markedness plays a central role in optimality theoretic grammars in the form of violable well-formedness constraints. ¹...

... of radiation are balanced. Agreement with the quantum ground state is achieved for linear systems, but not in general. An extension to a stochastic interpretation of quantum optics provides agreement with quantum optics in some cases, but difficulties appear that are pointed out. stochastic interpretations...