... Étienne Le Maistre Antoine Desmarets Samuel Diodati Giovanni Justel Henri Olivetan Pierre Turretini François Martin de Barcos Fénelon François Job Aristotle Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm von Erasmus Port-Royal biblical translation Sacy Richard Simon Le Maistre de Sacy The conception...

... of early modern biblical criticism in relation to changing attitudes toward early Christian interpreters. Focusing on the Republic of Letters and figures such as Erasmus and Hugo Grotius, it also examines the pivotal contribution of French Oratorian Richard Simon. Simon is important not only for his...

... by Richard Simon’s attacks on the reliability of the text. In the third phase, Bayle ventured to acclaim Simon’s highly controversial works for their precise and balanced judgements on many delicate religious issues. Finally, in the Dictionaire historique et critique Bayle engaged...

...-1670s such leading French minds as Pierre-Daniel Huet, Bishop Bossuet, and Richard Simon were likewise deeply embattled with Spinoza while Pierre Bayle perused the TTP both in Latin and French during 1678–9 and, clearly perceiving the unparalleled challenge it presented, not least...

... King of the Judean dynasty Fourmont étienne Le Clerc Jean Samaria Calmet Dom Augustin biblical criticism Hobbes Isaac La Peyrère Richard Simon Spinoza On 23 December 1696 Thomas Aikenhead, a twenty-year-old student of Edinburgh University, was put on trial for blasphemy. Under a recently...

...), several writers—including Thomas Hobbes, Isaac La Peyrère, Benedict Spinoza, Richard Simon, and Jean Le Clerc—argued against the traditional belief that Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible. One leading responder to this view was Louis Ellie Du Pin, a French Catholic ecumenist, and Edwards...

... biblical criticism early Enlightenment Richard Simon Jean Le Clerc Surenhusius’s Mishnah volumes, published between 1698 and 1703, have often been hailed as a landmark of scholarly achievement: the culmination of Christian studies of rabbinics in the preceding century, and still cited well...