.... A travelogue description indicates the presence of sweet melons in Khorasan and Persia by the mid-10th century. Agricultural literature from Andalusia documents the growing of sweet melons, evidently casabas (Inodorous Group), there by the second half of the 11th century, which probably arrived from Central...

... of Rhazes and provide perhaps the first English translation of his writings dealing with facial palsy (Lagveh) and its treatment. It is the contributions of early clinicians/scholars such as Rhazes on which we base our current medical knowledge. History Neurology Persia Several historical...

...) Jorjani (Gorgani), was born in Jorjan (or Gorgan), in northeastern Persia near the shores of the Caspian Sea in AD 1042 ( Figs. 3 and 4 ) ( 6 , 8 , 13 , 17 ). He flourished under Abd al-rahman ibn Ali ibn Abi Sadegh (AD 995–1077), an influential physician of the Khwarazmi Dynasty (AD 1077–1231...

... on an altar by a male figure behind whose head emanate rays (Fig. 4.7 ). Yet this figure is not labelled and his identification as Mihr depends on the identification of all radiate figures in Persia as the same divine being. As in Tāq-e Bostān I, he is dressed similarly to the king although here is armed...

... reproduced from contemporary documents and communiqués, including a letter from the Senate to the shahanshah Khusro II pleading for peace in 615, an official account of the siege of Constantinople in 626, and Heraclius' final victory dispatch from Persia. The dating is shown to be reliable...

... Rostam tribute feasting and banqueting Mughals Shah Jahan Yazdin Maurice Roman emperor moon Wahram Chobin Sasanian late antique urbanism Persia Upon overthrowing the Arsacids, the Sasanians quickly and dramatically reshaped Mesopotamia and the Iranian plateau to bring it into accord...

...The Seljuqs who ruled over the lands of Persia and the many regions of the Islamic world in the fifth to seventh/eleventh to thirteenth centuries have been the object of continued interest by the historians of Islam. However, despite the many important developments and innovations attributed...

... Longue durée Persia Foreign interference Industrialization Ayatollahs Until 1979 American Middle East policy rested on three legs: Saudi Arabia, Israel, and Iran. The latter was the most indispensable, for it offered three key advantages: it was on the front line of the strategy for containing...

...This chapter examines how an historian of the ancient Near East sets about reconstructing a picture of the past using material of great diversity in terms of type and historical value. It demonstrates this approach by considering the figure of the Achaemenid king, Cyrus II ‘the Great’ of Persia...

... Rome and Greece to Sicily and Persia. It looks at individual rulers and dynasties, the methods by which tyrants adapted themselves to political circumstances, and the ideology of tyranny. Euphron tyrant of Sicyon Sicyon Thebes Thebans xenia Xenophon democracy kingship oligarchy Athens Athenians...

...The following text serves as an introduction to the chapters focused on the “central lands” of the Islamic world: the “Arab heartland,” Persia, and the territories of the Ottoman Empire. Long associated with the Holy Land, this region attracted the attention of archaeologists, geographers...

... Telefunken Third Reich Middle East Zetland Lord British Military Mission in Afghanistan Red Army industrial development of Afghanistan North Waziristan mistries Rawalpindi Arsenal Sten Guns Tommy Guns British Persia North-West Frontier Russia Forward Policy Masterly Inactivity Policy...

...According to biblical and prophetic tradition, God wills that there shall be empires and superpowers: Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, and Persia are all, at different times, said to rule by God’s mandate, but also within the limits of God’s sovereignty. That sovereignty is concerned for the well-being...

...This chapter explains the warfare between the Roman Empire and Sasanian Persia, specifically presenting an historical review of Roman–Persian warfare. The Roman Empire presented many new military challenges, one of the most serious and certainly the most consistent of which was that introduced...

...The introduction sets the stage for the subsequent reinterpretation of Iranian nationalism by revisiting the motivations for Reza Shah’s 1935 decision to change the name of what was then Persia to Iran. It questions the historiographical tendency to view the name change and broader nationalist...

...This book reconsiders the history of Christianity in the fourth century by analyzing narratives about Constantine and the Christians of Persia. Drawing on a range of Greek, Latin, and Syriac sources, it argues that there was not, and never has been, just one history of fourth-century Mesopotamia...

... whether the letter can (or should) be understood as a cause of persecution in Sasanian Persia and how Constantine deploys Valerian's capture and death to write a new, Christian history of the Roman Empire. On the basis of its date, context, and content, the chapter suggests that the letter should be read...

... wanderings in the Orient as a realization of the Israelites’ wanderings. The wandering away from supersessionist typology into rivalry with the Persian poets turns out to be its ultimate realization. Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Herder Johann Gottfried Humboldt Wilhelm von Persia Schlegel August Wilhelm...

...This book begins by describing the decline of Safavid Persia by the end of the seventeenth century. Harsh treatment of Sunni subjects on Persia's western frontier encouraged Turkish aggression in the first decades of the eighteenth century. However, in the end it was Afghani tribesmen, nominal...

...The Promenade of Monsieur de Montaigne is a work of fiction that delivers the standard elements in profusion, beginning with an exotic setting (ancient Persia) and a beautiful princess (Alinda) menaced with arranged marriage. The main action then gets underway with a desperate love...