.... Placebos Anticonvulsants Antidepressants NMDA Antagonists Opioids Post-Herpetic Neuralgia Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy Risk Factors Neuropathy A high placebo response has been identified as one of the strongest factors that lead to failed clinical trials, even when the active treatment has been...

... in the management of refractory chronic neuropathic pain. We discuss chronic idiopathic axonal polyneuropathy, neuropathic pain mechanisms, and the use of ketamine in this report. Neuropathic Pain NMDA Antagonists Ketamine Chronic Idiopathic Axonal Polyneuropathy The effective management of refractory...

... are encouraging and suggest that magnesium IV as a treatment in CRPS 1 should be further explored in a large size formal trial design. CRPS NMDA Antagonists Magnesium Complex Regional Pain Syndrome type 1 (CRPS 1) is a painful disorder of the extremities that may occur after trauma. CRPS 1 is characterized...

... activity NMDA antagonists prefrontal cortex Non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine or MK-801 induce a potent behavioural syndrome (hyperactivity, ataxia signs, stereotypies), as well as cognitive and sensory deficits in experimental animals that resemble human schizophrenia...

..., the disease may spread extraterritorially, which results in severe disability. A critical involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) has been demonstrated both clinically and by animal experimentation. NMDA antagonists may be effective in many neuropathic pain states. In long-standing, generalized...

..., and, potentially, other causes of inflammatory oral pain, are warranted. Ketamine Mucositis Radiation Therapy NMDA Antagonists Head and Neck Cancer Mucositis is a common complication of high-dose oropharyngeal radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer [1,2] . Patients with moderate-to-severe...

... situations. neuroleptics antihistamines analeptics corticosteroids muscle relaxants antispasmodics NMDA antagonists sympatholytic drugs adjuvants Antipsychotics Betamethasone Celestone Buprenorphine Caffeine Carisoprodol Chlorzoxazone Dexamethasone Decadron Doxapram Gabapentin Hydromorphone...

...This study investigates the contribution of NMDA receptors to vestibular compensation for UL in the guinea pig using the NMDA receptor/channel antagonists. Three experimental approaches were taken to examine the effect of NMDA antagonists on vestibular compensation. The results imply that NMDA...

...The potential clinical applications of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists were initially defined on the basis of animal models. Epilepsy was the first target syndrome identified and remains an important potential therapeutic area. Today stroke and traumatic injury...

.... neuroprotection glutamate NMDA antagonists antioxidants recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rTPA) magnesium nitric oxide synthase inhibitors superoxide dismutase therapeutic hypothermia Antioxidants CuZn superoxide dismutase SOD1 for stroke neuroprotection Excitotoxic cascade stroke Glutamate...

... central sensitization plays an essential role throughout the perioperative period and should be considered when planning tailored analgesic regimens. The chapter also details how NMDA antagonists such as ketamine can be used in the postoperative setting to reduce pain intensity and decrease opioid use...