... in Dar al Fonun Sharaf Mozaffari Primary School World War I Damavandi Reza Khameʾi Anvar Qajar Ahmad Shah Reza Shah state building by Reza Shah Communist International Einstein Albert Germany Iranshahr Lenin Vladimir Planck Max socialists and socialism Soviet Socialist Republic Trotsky...

... in effect two ‘worlds’. Roman empire Pax Romana world order Iranshahr Augustine The bipolar rivalry between Byzantium and the Sasanian Persians was driven by competing ideological claims to universal rule. Both imperial powers would make grand assertions to rule over the known world as the head...

... of the Persian language and its potential role in unifying the modern Iranian nation. Aryanism Berlin Arani in Berlin Circle socialists and socialism Berlin Friedrich Wilhelm University of Berlin German Orientalism Ghanizadeh Mahmud Iranshahr Iranshahr Kazemzadeh Kaviani Press Khayyam Omar Khosrow...