...Chapter Two examines colonizing U.S. governmental discourse surrounding the Indian Removal Act of 1830 by positioning it in the crucible of Jacksonian era ideologies. Specifically, the chapter contends that as the executive, legislative and judicial branches codified the removal policy...

... when he used it to destroy the Bank of the United States, an action that presaged routine presidential participation in legislation. His Indian removal policy showed that neglect of the faithful execution duty can harm the powerless. His refusal to accept nullification held the Union together. The Whig...

...This chapter provides an overview of removal-era Cherokee history. It recounts the rise of the Indian removal policy and the state of Georgia's campaign to compel the Cherokee Nation to negotiate a removal treaty. It describes Cherokee resistance to removal and the experience of the "Trail of Tears...

...-relocation schemes. As migrants flooded into the Georgia upcountry, the numbers favoring Indian removal dramatically increased. These men shifted the demographic and political balance in the state. The new settlers possessed little wealth and arrived in search for land. They pressed for new priorities...

... and Cherokee history. It reconstructs the historic connections between Scots and Cherokees that endured after the Cherokees were forced west by US policies of Indian removal. ‘affinity Scots’ America North Cherokee clan kinship famine Forbes Gen John France French Georgia Highland Highlander Indians...

...” or the “American System,” Everett vigorously opposed Jacksonian priorities such as Indian Removal. He joined with other nationalists of all parties to combat threats to American unity headlined by the nullification movement. Adams John Quincy Indian Removal Whig Party U S Greenberg Amy Howe Daniel Walker...

... Smith facilitated Indian removal from the Southeast in order to accommodate white settlement there. Fort Smith closed in 1824 to be replaced by Fort Gibson 90 miles farther west. The large number of white settlers flowing west in the wake of these forts made Arkansas statehood a foregone conclusion...

...By the 1830s, activists began to see removal as uniquely American because of the simultaneous rise of the Indian Removal Act and the American Colonization Society’s colony in Liberia. Black, white, and Native American activists used writing, petitioning, lobbying, and public meetings to protest...

...Between the 1830s and the 1870s, the US government dispossessed the Ho-Chunk people of their ancestral homeland in today’s Wisconsin and Illinois and repeatedly sought to exile them to territories west of the Mississippi River. This project of “Indian Removal,” erasure and replacement, often...

... William Apess settler-colonialism Metacom (King Philip) Indian Removal Act Concord Andrew Jackson Cherokee Martin Van Buren Wherever the truth is injured, defend it. You are there on that spot within hearing of that word, within sight of that action as a Witness, to the end that you should speak...

...This chapter examines Mormonism's interest in the history of Native Americans, in the midst of Indian removal, from the perspective of Mormons’ relationship to ancestral graves. Smith founded all major Mormon settlements among Native gravesites with an acute awareness that Natives’ bodies were...

... War and Indian Removal. It opens by arguing that the heroines of María Amparo Ruiz de Burton’s The Squatter and the Don (1885)—who seek to counter the violence and dispossession of late-nineteenth-century Californios—stand as unrecognized heirs to the women in John Rollin Ridge’s 1854...

... goods. Afong Moy’s manager took her on an extensive and strenuous trip to Cuba and up the Mississippi River in 1836, exposing her to many cultures—Spanish, Native American, Creole, and French—as well as the pernicious effects of slavery, Indian removal, and nativism. Her appearance in New Orleans...

... Wars Red Cloud Sand Creek Sioux War Sioux Turner Frederick Jackson Wyoming Guam Philippines Puerto Rico expansionism Manifest Destiny exceptionalism speculation Louisiana Purchase Indian removal Texas U.S.-Mexico War filibustering frontier When thirteen American colonies, clustered...

... missionaries Ohio Company Putnam Rufus Shawnees traders Wyandots New Deal Northwest Territory Celebration Commission Indian Removal systems borderlands statehood public lands Indian affairs In 1798, Congress established the Mississippi Territory in the disputed lands south of the Southwest...

... significance. Native American families found that their survival depended on distancing themselves from their black relatives. The black and Indian Graysons survived the invasion of the Creek Nation by US troops in 1813 and again in 1836, endured Indian removal and the Trail of Tears, battled each other...

.... Jackson harnessed and represented concerns, advocated and executed removal practices, and rendered them less distinctively Scotch-Irish by incorporating them into the nation’s Indian policy. The chapter notes that Jackson was the driving force behind Indian removal. It highlights white supremacy...

..., a reversal the Court subsequently ignored. The discovery doctrine survived and it facilitated Indian removal. More than 180 years later, the doctrine would still be cited to support the assertion or retention of European-derived rights to indigenous lands, not only in the United States. Cahokia s Cherokee s...