... Mason Steve Moses Watts Edward J Ammonius Saccas DePalma Digeser Elizabeth Hellene Plato Plotinus Porphyry Pythagoras wisdom barbarians Justin Martyr Lampe Peter Numenius of Apamea Seneca Stoics Clement of Alexandria ancient Alexandria early Christianity early Judaism Philo...

... Zechariah Stanton Graham N Christ Eastern Roman empire Egypt Egyptian Revelation or Apocalypse Book of Apocrypha Pseudepigrapha Ezra Esdras 2 Esdras 4 Ezra 5 Ezra 6 Ezra Early Judaism Apocalypse Second Temple persecution 2 Baruch The apocryphal book 2 Esdras is a composite text...

... texts in their interaction with their Jewish subtexts, too, shed light on the development of Early Judaism of this period although these fall outside the purview of this article, which narrows its focus to a selection of representative examples, namely, 1 and 3 Maccabees, Tobit and Judith, the Additions...

... concentrates on comparing animal sacrifice in Vedic India and early Judaism. The essay emphasizes the variety within sacrificial practice and the potential incompatibility of sacrifice and totemism. It proposes an origin for sacrifice of a god (as in Christianity) rather than to gods, and having defined...

.... If, as most scholars now concede, Paul is a source for early Judaism, then he is also a source for early Jewish reflection on the messiah, about whom he clearly had much to say. Augustus Bar Kokhba grammar honorific linguistics linguistic community philology proper name scripture social linguistics...

...This chapter discusses the work that has been done on Judaism from 200 BCE to c.500 CE. It determines that the current study of early Judaism focuses more on its explanation and has more awareness of the possible extent of variety. The chapter shows that classical scholars have...

... and thrive in future centuries. Berquist J L Diversity Cyrus Hellenism Lim T H Temple of Jerusalem Van der Toorn K Hebrew Bible Pluralism Crenshaw J L Knoppers G Seow C L Portier Young A N Persian Hellenistic Writings scribes canon nascent Judaism early Judaism history of religions...

... to the cessation of sacrifice in early Judaism. Rather than viewing the rabbinic project as an attempt to transform a sacrificial religion into a non-sacrificial religion, Blood for Thought argues that the rabbis developed anewsacrificial vision. This new sacrificial vision does not seek...

... apocalyptic literature Charles R H a churchman Christianity Jewish literature Renaissance reformation higher criticism W. M. L. de Wette Priestly Source Apocalyptic literature early Judaism R. H. Charles: A Biography surveys the life and work of a scholar who pioneered a new field...

... van den Ezekiel prophet Marcion Origen Philo of Alexandria early Christianity early Judaism Ebionite Contra Celsum allegorical interpretation spiritual interpretation Writing a generation after Clement, the brilliant, controversial, and exceedingly prolific Origen was well-acquainted...

... Clement of Alexandria Origen Eusebius early Christian early Judaism Clement, Origen, and Eusebius present Philo as a skilled interpreter of philosophical doctrines embedded in the narratives of the Hebrew scriptures and discernible via allegorical interpretation, a method of reading that eludes...

...Early Judaism is often described as the religion of the book par excellence—a movement built around the study of the Bible and steeped in a culture of sacred bookishness that evolved from an unrelenting focus on a canonical text. But this book argues that Jews didn't truly embrace the biblical text...

... Zurawski Jason M DiTommaso Lorenzo genre Apocrypha historicity method historical method setting context Early Judaism Judaisms apocalypticism Apart from the question of which books belong to the so-called Apocrypha (see chapter 2 , this volume), the organizing principle behind...

... fasting Golden Rule Protestant Reformation Protestant canon s Tobit Tobias Sarah Apocrypha early Judaism healing angel demon ancient medicine prayer The textual history of the book Tobit is complex. There are three different Greek text forms (the so-called short text G I, the long...

... repentance sexuality Augustine of Hippo Catholic Epistles gender Gospel of John Fourth Gospel Greek Orthodox Law of Christ pagan Pastoral Epistles Apocrypha Pseudepigrapha Jewish theology Christian theology ethics early Judaism Jewish–Christian relations Hellenism Once Judaism...

... of the Apocrypha in Second Temple (or early) Judaism. With contributions from leading scholars from around the world, the Handbook provides the authoritative reference work on the current state of Apocrypha research, and at the same time, carves out future directions of study....

...This is the second of five chapters on the Old Testament and the reader, and presents an analysis of the Bible in Qumran (the site occupied by the early Jewish monastic community who lived near the shores of the Dead Sea) and early Judaism. The first part gives an account of the rediscovery...