... the global south. assimilationist “China miracle ” Deng Xiaoping competition for natural resources and gaige kaifang global resource markets inequality Mao Zedong competition for “reform and opening” policy gaige kaifang closeness with the Soviet Union policy special economic zones competition...

...’ movement inequality Latin America mass incidents pollution poverty South Africa democracy dictatorship Hong Kong matrix of power uprising of 1989 bureaucracy villages Deng Xiaoping Chinese Communist Party CCP Cultural Revolution Leninism People’s Armed Police People’s Liberation Army PLA...

... propaganda repression totalitarianism Arendt Hannah Orwell George political education terror Yang Maodong Guo Feixiong birth control family structure migrant workers social networks thought work bureaucracy Hong Kong ‘Letter to Hong Kong students’ uprising of 1989 Deng Xiaoping Liu Jianshu...

... to the state and hierarchically organized. This hierarchical ordering, which places scientific leaders beyond questioning by followers, would leave soda science without real critics, and thus vulnerable to manipulation by external forces. Deng Xiaoping Global South ILSI Global imagined empire of science...

... an informal alliance with the United States at Soviet expense, even joining the United States in combating national liberation movements in Africa that were being supported by the USSR and Cuba. Later in that decade, when Deng Xiaoping’s 29 reforms foreshadowed economic markets and an opening...

...Initiated by Deng Xiaoping, China embarked on a path of transforming—marketizing and privatizing—the economy and opening it to competition and opportunity within the capitalist global economy. With this policy followed and deepened by two successors, the result was a Chinese economic miracle...

... unclear. US-S oviet détente and US rapprochement with China remained several years in the future. And nobody anticipated the eventual emergence of a Gorbachev in the USSR, whose democratization program eventually brought down the system, or of a Deng Xiaoping in China, whose leadership led...

...Deng Xiaoping’s domestic economic reforms and his outreach to the West marked the start of an extraordinary period of learning and experimentation in China. Diplomats were at the vanguard of this process. Far more exposed than even the most powerful Beijing officials to just how far China had...

... demonstrations GTR Great Telos of Return Zhang Beijai Huang Xiang Liang Qichao Nathan Andrew Peking Spring Sun Zhe CCP Chinese Communist Party corruption Gengshen Reforms hegemony liberalism reform period Dengist 1980s Zhao Ziyang Deng Xiaoping Hu Yaobang Jaruzelski Wojciech Solidarity movement...

...On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong's sovereignty was transferred from Britain to the People's Republic of China. This handover tested the concept of “one country, two systems”, designed and proposed by the late Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. With Taiwan as the final target of the reunification with China...

... jumpstarting their own rocket and missile programs. This alliance however started to deteriorate in the 1960s over differences in political direction. The nation bounced back in the late 1970s under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping who instituted science reform and established key partnerships with the West...

... dynasty Britain economic growth in imperialism industrial revolution Pomeranz Kenneth population rural areas Western imperialism Brandt Loren Tawney R H trade Mao Zedong ‘reform era’ Sino Japanese War 1937–45 command economy Soviet Union United States Chongqing Deng Xiaoping economic...

... rectification zhengfeng Chiang Kaishek poverty Security Council of the UN Soviet Union Great Leap Forward Cold War United States agriculture collectivization of land Marx Karl and Marxism urban areas women Cultural Revolution Deng Xiaoping Red Guard health care opening up Four Modernizations...

... Tian’anmen Square protest democracy and political participation Hong Kong Internet religion New Life Movement personal cultivation xiushen Beijing Olympics 2008 Olympics 2008 land reform Deng Xiaoping diaspora foreign investment Chinese Communist Party Cultural Revolution Deng Xiaoping...

... Romania inflation underemployment unrest mass equality Gini coefficient income inequality Russia United Kingdom Brazil Deng Xiaoping education healthcare Indonesia industrialization Korea privatization Thailand democracy determinism International Monetary Fund Vietnam voluntarism...

... with the United States in order to ease tensions with them and protect against the Soviet threat. During his final years people vied for Mao's favour. After his new heir, Zhou Enlai, fell ill, radicals thought they could seize control. However, Mao rehabilitated his former enemy Deng Xiaoping, before declaring...

...This chapter examines the prospects for lawmaking reform and democratization in China. It evaluates how well-institutionalized were the legislative changes of the Deng Xiaoping era and analyses how the changes in the Chinese policy-making process can strengthen the prospects for a system transition...

... differences, for instance on political systems and on Taiwan, remained. China cold war coopetition realism grand strategy IR International Relations theory LIO liberal international order debate on Taiwan United States US China relationship Deng Xiaoping First Opium War 1839–1842 Mao Zedong New...

... relations South China Sea Spratly Nansha Island Vietnam Socialist Republic of SRV Vietnam South Cambodia Deng Xiaoping Khmer Rouge Le Duan Lon Nol Mao Zedong Pol Pot Vietnam War 1979 Sino Vietnam Border War Cam Duong Cao Bang province Carter Jimmy Lang Son PAVN People’s Army of Vietnam...

...This chapter interprets the reforms by Deng Xiaoping and Mikhail Gorbachev in the context of their efforts to find alternative means to great power status—through social creativity. Deng launched the “reform and opening” policy, developing the economic foundation for China to play a great power...