... about the concept of the acceptable risk of re-identification, and that the Opinion alludes to multiple approaches that are not consistent with each other, and the Opinion alludes to zero risk as being the acceptable risk, zero risk is not consistent with the European Data Protection Directive 95/46...

... to provide opinions on the Data Protection Directive and the Directive on Privacy and Electronic Communications, however, has issued some guidelines on the surveillance of electronic communications in the workplace, which aims to ‘contribute to the uniform application of the national measures...

... constitutions may have evolved over time to reflect changing technologies, from ‘correspondence’ to ‘communications’, the centrality of communications privacy to our private life remains undisputed. Cookies Data Protection Directive EU law UK law caller identification content cookies data security 13.1...

... is considered as a fundamental right, and is protected through comprehensive, cross-sectoral legislation (the Data Protection Directive, currently being updated and transformed into a Regulation). The emergence of cloud computing poses challenges for both legal systems: what seems likely is that the US...

... of professional artists and writers outside journalism under European data protection as it developed until the end of the Data Protection Directive (DPD) era. It is found that no pan-European data protection instrument prior to the DPD addressed this interface and such a lacuna was also reflected in the majority...

... and humanities publishers until the end of the Data Protection Directive (DPD) era. It begins by summarizing the ‘knowledge facilitation’ provisions which target activities such as scientific research and have been set out in formal data protection instruments at both pan-European and State level over many...

... contemporary statutes. The prime case study will therefore be the EU Data Protection Directive, which, even though not in force anymore is considered a suitable case for analysis as it embodies earlier models of regulation. Because this chapter is retrospective in scope (i.e. looking at previous data...

... data accuracy data minimisation risk tolerance implementation of standards and safeguards CNIL regulatees box ticking licensing notification red tape data subject rights command and control regulation criticism Data Protection Directive shortcomings optimal precision of rules GDPR reform...

...This chapter gives an introduction to the worldwide data protection regulatory landscape and the different types of regulatory systems. It provides an overview of the basic principles of the data protection directive (and the changes envisaged by the Proposed Regulation), as knowledge...

... of important opinions including through the Article 29 Working Party that under the GDPR has become the European Data Protection Board. Article 29 Data Protection Working Party Council of Europe Court of Justice of the European Union CJEU Data Protection Directive DPD European Free Trade Association EFTA...

... the enforcement stance and track record of European Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) vis-à-vis the professional journalistic media under the Data Protection Directive. Approximately 80 per cent of DPAs accepted that they possessed regulatory powers in this regard and over 60 per cent reported...

... of the information in which these services deal will contain ‘personal data’, and in some cases sensitive personal data, while almost all of the activities undertaken by them will involve some form of ‘processing’ of those data. Data Protection Directive Data Protection Regulation EU regulation France Google...

...Chapter VI is a new chapter in the EIR. Its presence signals the importance that data protection law has gained in Europe since the adoption of the Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC (DPD) and Regulation 45/2001. Although the DPD is not—though it comes close to—a maximum harmonisation directive...

... regulation. The Chapter looks at the application of the EU Data Protection Directive to the media, including the journalistic purposes exception as well as the entrenchment of the right to protection of personal data in major EU treaties. It also examines various methods used to ensure that personal data...

... media under the Data Protection Directive (DPD) and then examines the formal regulatory guidance produced by European Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) during the same period. Despite the DPD’s emphasis on ensuring a careful balancing between equally fundamental rights, statutory provisions at State...

... to the notion of average consumers in EU consumer law. average consumers Article 29 Working Party Convention 108 on the Protection of Personal Data CofE 1981 2018 data subjects DPD Data Protection Directive General Data Protection Regulation GDPR natural persons personal data generally children...