... of German soldiers to the new tasks and points to the distinctly civilised cast of the Bundeswehr's international efforts. Bundeswehr Cold War Gulf War German Constitutional Court Kohl Helmut North Atlantic Treaty Organisation peacekeeping Democratic Republic of Congo DRC Operation Artemis peace...

... ideology prevented Germany’s independent command and control methods from taking root. Thus, West Germany inherited Schlieffen and Moltke’s operational theory while the GDR did not. This tradition led Inspector General of the Bundeswehr Adolf Heusinger, in contrast to the prevailing American ideology...

... strategic culture, before it presents an account of the creation of the Bundeswehr, which uses the lens of strategic culture. This chapter concludes that the creation of a new strategic culture in West Germany happened through two principal channels, namely the post-war domestic conditions in West Germany...

... opinion Obama Barack Readiness Action Plan RAP NATO Bundeswehr culture of restraint German defence Germany military deployment national security Neither Germany’s defence policy nor the set-up of the Bundeswehr can be explored or understood solely on its own...

...This chapter studies the events that occurred during the late 1980s up to 1999. These include the legal-political out-of-area debate, the development of the Bundeswehr and Germany's engagement in a full combat mission in Kosovo. It then maps the developments made in German security policy after...

...This chapter demonstrates that the Bundeswehr is fully absorbed in a demanding a transformation process with a distinctly German footprint. It reviews the German understanding of defense transformation. Also, it reviews four key transformation strands—network-enabled capability (NEC), Role-Based...

... Carter Jimmy Nixon Richard M Schumacher Kurt Social Democratic Party of Germany SPD Wehner Herbert Westbindung Erhard Ludwig Healey Denis Hilsman Roger Knorr Klaus Liddell Hart Basil limited nuclear warfare Osgood Robert Schelling Thomas Bonesteel Charles Bundeswehr Meyer Claus Heinrich...

... an emerging pattern as to where, with whom and for what German policy makers became willing to dispatch the Bundeswehr and discusses whether Germany's partners have any reason to be concerned over the new German assertiveness. It examines the consequences of Germany's transformation for the organisation...

...This chapter discusses the effects of the internationalization process discussed in the previous chapter, which became most palpable in the German area of operations in northern Afghanistan, where the German army, the Bundeswehr, was confronted not only with Afghan insurgents, but also...

...’ trajectory adopted by a militarily reluctant Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall. Balkans Bundeswehr critical junctures Desert Storm 1991 Germany institutional constraints legacies military doctrine defence policy Hussein Saddam Italy Kohl Helmut strategic culture procurement decisions...

... the Alliance. With these themes in mind, the chapter explores Germany’s response to contemporary security challenges, including the war in Ukraine. It finds that Germany’s civilian-power foreign policy orientation, combined with dependence on Russian gas and decades of under-investment in the Bundeswehr, has...

... level, although classical theory experienced a brief revival at the hands of Hans-Henning von Sandrart in the 1980s. Today, the Bundeswehr has totally abandoned its one-sided orientation toward operational warfare. Over the years, the old elite of operational experts has been replaced by a new elite...