... of samurai Tokugawa shogunate burei uchi Heaven Inoue Tetsujirō Kaitokudō merchant academy Merchants swords and swordsmanship ‘way of the samurai’ Andō Shōeki business honour Kamo no Mabuchi Way the Bakumatsu late Tokugawa Ogyū Sorai Russo Japanese War shidō ‘way of the samurai’ Yoshida...

...This chapter tackles the loyalist side of Nomura Bōtō. The imperial family and what it represented came to define the contours of much political discourse during the Bakumatsu period. The growing social consciousness of the loyalist movement displayed characteristics of being progressive...

...The history of sonnō-jōi (“revere the emperor, expel the barbarian”) presents the best case study for an analysis of nativism in the ways it is understood outside of Japanese studies. The height of this movement occurred during the Bakumatsu era (1853-1868), when Westerners began arriving...

... to foreign influences. Moreover, Bōtō's experiences illustrate the traditional poetry genre, class structure, and changing role of women in late Tokugawa Japan alongside the chiliastic atmosphere in some sectors of Bakumatsu society. The chapter also notes the Japanese concept of millenarianism wherein...

...This chapter explores the tendency of disciplinary divisions to narrow the views and importance of figures while using Nomura Bōtō as a reference. It mentions how Bōtō's life is illustrative of Bakumatsu's society and culture. The Bakumatsu period saw the weakening of the waka establishment in line...

... honzōgaku practices transformed into Udagawa Yōan Itō Keisuke paradigm change Franz von Siebolt modern science Bakumatsu A recurring theme of this study has been the eclecticism of honzōgaku practices and goals throughout the Tokugawa period. Heterogeneous ways of reading and using...

...This chapter expounds on the legacy Nomura Bōtō left. Bōtō was initially portrayed as a mother of the loyalists or a valiant woman. However, Ogawa Sumako raised an argument on how the new age sparked a tendency to edit the history of Bakumatsu into the history of Restoration. Bōtō was then included...