... of policies, the discussion explains that they are underpinned by a diverging approach to the measurement of poverty. It compares in detail the numbers living in poverty in different countries, criticises the poverty measures as well as the anti-poverty policies of the international financial agencies...

... Supervision life insurance companies and Asahi Life Kyoei Life Mitsui Life Nichidan Life Sumitomo Life Tokyo Life insurance companies banks banking sector loan losses bank profitability deflation financial agencies The Japanese economy's average annual real growth rate was only 0.8 percent from...

...This chapter illustrates how policy banks, primarily the China Development Bank (CDB), developed their unique fundraising mechanism, which is selling state-guaranteed bonds on a domestic market to other Chinese financial agencies, mainly commercial banks. While bond issuance is a common way...

...This chapter explores whether policy banks are likely to continue financing projects in the way they have been. Comparing them to public financial agencies (PFAs) of advanced industrial economies, the chapter finds that policy banks, like their foreign precursors, cannot escape the general dilemma...

... America, Russia and New York. It evaluates the accomplishments of these initiatives and the other schemes launched by international financial agencies, and proposes ways for dealing with and preventing global financial crises. capital Swedish School of Economics HANKEN University of Goteborg Bretton...

...Land-locked between its giant neighbors, Russia and China, Mongolia was the first Asian country to adopt communism and the first to abandon it. When the Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s, Mongolia turned to international financial agencies — including the International Monetary Fund...