..., provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Iconographic evidence from Egypt suggests that watermelon pulp was consumed there as a dessert by 4,360 BP. Earlier archaeobotanical evidence comes from seeds from Neolithic settlements in Libya, but whether these were watermelons with sweet pulp...

...Hitomi Hongo; Hiroki Kikuchi; Hiroo Nasu Implications China was one of the centers of the domestication of pigs. Morphological characteristics and pathological evidences found in pig bones excavated from Neolithic sites in the Yellow River Valley in the north, Yangtze River Valley in the south...

... millennia BCE ( Marshall and Hildebrand, 2002 ). The transition from hunting to domestication of sheep has tracked multiple paths during the southwest Asian Neolithic ( Makarewicz, 2013 ). Different combinations of herding, hunting, and farming were tried—not all of them successful or sustainable...

... environment (e.g., Dyson, 1953 ). The dominant narrative describing cattle domestication places its origin within the early farming settlements of the Fertile Crescent region of SW Asia dating to the ninth millennium BC (a period known as the Early Pre-Pottery Neolithic B [ PPNB ]) ( Figure 1 ; Table 1...

... populations), CNA (central North Africa populations), ENA (eastern North Africa populations), SYR (Syrian population), and YRI (Yoruba population). Fig. 3. Landscape features for the spatially explicit computer simulations of the Neolithic expansion. (A) 2D map of the three different...

... Island Southeast Asia from the Neolithic period to the present, with a special focus on interactions between individuals with Asian, Papuan, and mixed Asian–Papuan ancestry. Incorporating key features of the region, including its complex geography (islands and sea), demographic drivers (fecundity...

... the Holocene. The present study was carried out on deposits collected from the former oxbow lake. The study aimed to examine (1) whether various tendencies for occupation of valley terraces by different Neolithic and Early Bronze cultures led to a discrepant records of human impact in palaeo-proxies and (2...

... genome also carries a discernible hunter–gatherer genetic signature that likely was not acquired by admixture with local Iberian foragers. Our results indicate that retrieving ancient genomes from similarly warm Mediterranean environments such as the Near East is technically feasible. Neolithic...

... assimilation hypothesis). We do this by testing for natural selection on -13,910*T using ancient DNA data from the skeletal remains of eight late Neolithic Iberian individuals, whom we would not expect to have poor vitamin D and calcium status because of relatively high incident UVB light levels. None...

... these mutations, the study of structural mutations has been insufficiently undertaken. population genetics inferences coalescent neolithic transition expansions Abstract Studies of protein evolution have focused on amino acid substitutions with much less systematic analysis on insertion and deletions...

...Carla Aimé; Guillaume Laval; Etienne Patin; Paul Verdu; Laure Ségurel; Raphaëlle Chaix; Tatyana Hegay; Lluis Quintana-Murci; Evelyne Heyer; Frédéric Austerlitz population genetics inferences coalescent neolithic transition expansions Studying the current distribution of genetic diversity...

... unknown. To address questions related to early pig domestication, dispersal, and turnover in the Near East, we analyzed ancient mitochondrial DNA and dental geometric morphometric variation in 393 ancient pig specimens representing 48 archeological sites (from the Pre-Pottery Neolithic to the Medieval...

... by the presence of a distinctive, cattle-oriented Neolithic culture in South India that produced hundreds of unique ashmounds (mounds of burnt cattle dung), but archaeozoological data confirming such a scenario are lacking. Recent zooarchaeological data suggest that wild cattle were present in the region...

... sister species C. coli. We evaluate our rate estimates in light of previous work and discuss the plausibility of a Neolithic origin of C. jejuni. Rasmus Nielsen, Associate Editor We analyzed 1,205 of the C. jejuni isolates of Wilson et al. (2008) that were available...

... of these population groups indicates that phylogeographical analysis of European landraces can provide information relevant to the Neolithic spread of barley cultivation and also has implications for the origins of domesticated barley, including those with the nonresponsive ppd-H1 phenotype. Haplotypes...

...% of modern mtDNAs in ISEA were introduced at the time of the Neolithic ( Hill et al. 2007 ). These results could be compatible with a version of out of Taiwan that allows for a greater level of assimilation of indigenous Pleistocene lineages during the Austronesian expansion than had previously been...

... phylogeography Southeast Asia Orang Asli Paleolithic Neolithic It has long been recognized that the population history of the indigenous people of Peninsular Malaysia should provide crucial insights into the prehistory of Southeast Asia as a whole. The Orang Asli (literally “original people”) encompass...

.... Only five of these are known from fossil records from the Neolithic; most are first recorded in archaeological contexts in the Late Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman or Medieval periods. As a group, archaeophytes (unlike neophytes) have declined in Britain in the 20th century. Comparison of the accepted...

... parental populations. Two main components are apparent in the Europeans' genome, presumably corresponding to the contributions of the first, Paleolithic Europeans, and of the early, Neolithic farmers dispersing from the Near East. In addition, only a small fraction of the European alleles seems to come...

...“Crop Domestication and Gender” traces the rise of permanent settlements and incipient agriculture from the Pre-pottery Neolithic to the Pottery Neolithic in the Levant, together with the iconographic changes that show a shift from the predominance of zoomorphic forms to female forms concurrent...