... movement physis nature Plato liver reading magic medicine rationality Aristotle Hippocrates Chrysippus Cleanthes Epicurus Sextus Empiricus Aetius Galen craftsman wisdom Augustine Arius Didymus daimon demon and the demonic Stoics ancient divination Stoicism cosmos unified animal...

... the full-time endeavor that Socrates himself made it, or as an Aristotelian contemplative might do—but still, as a regular part of their lives. Academy Aristotle Epicurus philosophy Plato Arcesilaus Carneades Epicureanism philosophy of Polemon skeptics and skepticism Socrates Stoics and Stoicism...

... brought about several orientations toward the Stoics. The chapter considers one such orientation in particular — the nascent anti-Stoicism of the 1640s. This took on its distinctive form in the pages of Corneille Jansen's Augustinus (1640), but, as the chapter demonstrates...

...’, ¹²³ Stoicism was not all bad. In antiquity, the Stoics’ ‘zealous Defence of a particular Providence’ provided ‘a valuable Antidote to the atheistical Scheme of Epicurus’ ¹²⁴ and ‘the Lives of several among them’ helped preserve ‘the Subjects of arbitrary Government, from...

...This concluding chapter argues that the three intellectual streams that fed into what was eventually to become Marxism took shape not only as partial appropriations and transformations of Rousseau's ideas but each also embodied a continuing engagement with Stoicism. It reveals that what eventually...

...This is the first full-scale look at the essential place of Stoicism in the foundations of modern political thought. Spanning the period from Justus Lipsius's Politics in 1589 to Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Emile in 1762, and concentrating on arguments originating from...

...This chapter considers how Byron Barth was deeply attuned to the intricate permutations of emotional detachment, although the pageant of his bleeding heart has made him infamous. Galvanized by the Horatian nil admirari and other Stoic commonplaces, Byron investigated Stoicism...

...This chapter turns from poetry to the novel to consider two texts at opposite ends of the Romantic timeline, both of which attempt to unlock the reorienting, feminist possibilities inherent in Stoicism by bringing it in line with a precarious propriety. In Millenium Hall, Sarah...

... with his argument that Stoicism, with respect to both its ethics and its physics, provided an appropriate philosophical framework for a well-lived Christian life. Though a number of factors during the seventeenth century had contributed to the Stoics' atheistic turn, as this chapter shows, this shift...

... of predecessors, Burke argues for the dependence of moral taste on duty. In the process, he articulates the reliance of ethics on religion, and traces the origins and development of superstition. The work also recapitulates Burke's antipathy to stoicism, along with his response to the leading moralists of the age...

... that Romantic-era writers devoted a surprising amount of attention to Stoicism and its dispassionate mandate. The book explores the subterranean but vital life of Stoic philosophy in British and American Romanticism, from William Wordsworth to Ralph Waldo Emerson. The book shows that the Romantic era—the period...

...This chapter explains Stoicism, which was a decisively radical term in a revolutionary age and its impress on the literature of the period was heightened by its dramatic deployment over the course of the French Revolution. Long associated with Roman republicanism and its virtuous defenders...

...-militant repudiation of Stoicism in eighteenth-century literary culture. The chapter mentions an overlooked but consequential fracture in the moral philosophy of Shaftesbury and Adam Smith, one that Mary Wollstonecraft took up in her own feminist critique of sensibility. Though working in different ways...

...This chapter mentions Samuel Taylor Coleridge in exploring a consequential disconnect between Stoic philosophy and corporeal reality. It discusses how Coleridge occupies a strange position in a study of Romantic Stoicism, describing his own utter impotence of the Volition that thwarted his attempts...

... that Emerson's idealism was Stoic from the outset, although Stoicism is often described as a late and disenchanted formation. The chapter reviews a range of essays, wherein Emerson mercilessly investigated an intuition that troubled his Romantic inheritors: however pleasurable, sympathy was incommensurate...

...This chapter turns to Hugo Grotius and to the origins of the modern natural rights tradition in a reworking of Ciceronian Stoicism. It first argues that there is a close fit between the general structure of a Ciceronian Stoic natural law theory and the argument that Grotius builds in his...

...This chapter tracks the changing fortunes of a fundamental opposition between more Stoic and more Augustinian perspectives on human life, showing that as the seventeenth century gave way to the eighteenth, the patterns of Augustinian anti-Stoicism had often found expression in a more secular...