... of violent crimes, or the families of murder victims, can request the state to forgo punishing the criminal. This book shows that in the Iranian justice system, forbearance is as much a right of victims as retribution. Drawing on extended interviews and first-hand observations of more than eighty murder...

... policy into the political arena need not inevitably lead to harsher sentencing. Not every crime evokes a populist demand for retribution, and crime increases do not mechanically trigger harsher punishment. corrections policies indeterminate sentencing laws law enforcement agencies Left the political...

... intellectualism prophets psychology religion Semelin Jacques Sofsky Wolfgang monsters rape Black Donald Certeau Michel de terrorism Jerusalem Israel Patterson Orlando Satan Floyd John retribution Southampton County Court vengeance Artis Billy death sentences guilt Newsom Berry suicide...

...This chapter studies the operations of the Iranian criminal law and analyzes how the procedural administration of the law animates the shariʻa. Iranian criminal laws provide many avenues for victims to forgo retributive sanctioning. But preserving the right of retribution serves...