...By the 1950s, the agrarian crossings of the previous generation were rapidly coming to an end. In both the United States and Mexico, an increasingly restrictive political atmosphere ensured that elites were able to subdue once-vigorous debates about rural inequality and the human impact...

... dealt with inequality and oppressive power, focusing on the initial defense advanced for the low wages of the laborer in comparison with the revenues of the employer and landlord. It also discusses the defense from Utilitarianism, led by Jeremy Bentham, and the views of John Stuart Mill, Herbert Spencer...

... conservatism human nature Kirk Russell On Revolution Arendt religion equality inequality John Adams and the Spirit of Liberty Thompson liberalism Madison James natural rights Pocock J G A Thompson C Bradley U S Constitution virtue Creation of the American Republic Wood Palmer R R progressivism...

..., its proponents hoping to more dramatically leverage the “new theater” created by the war to reshape global relations of race and class inequality, to celebrate militant and respectable black masculinity, and to replace an old cadre of elitist and ineffectual black leadership with a new brand...

...This chapter explores the relationship between inequality, distributive conflict, and regime change during the Third Wave of democratic transitions (1980–2008). It first provides an overview of the theory and existing quantitative findings on the link between inequality and democratic transitions...

...This chapter explores the interrelationships between inequality, economic development, and the so-called weak democracy syndrome. More specifically, it analyzes the effect of inequality on reversions in general and on the distributive conflict cases in particular, as well as some theoretical...

... findings and considers their relevance for the period since 2008, focusing in particular on the impact of factors such as inequality, economic development, institutions, collective action, and distributive conflicts on transitions to and from democratic rule. It also revisits the definitions of democracy...

...This chapter evaluates the demographic perspective in the study of organizations. This perspective encompasses several streams of work about the attributes of organizations and the people in them that were motivated in different ways, ranging from desires to ameliorate social inequality along...

.... The chapter also considers what matching models teach us about reality, such as the asymmetry between male and female demand for higher education, and the relationship between assortative matching and inequality. Furthermore, a host of social issues can only be analyzed from a general equilibrium perspective...

...This chapter goes on to ask who still believes in the American Dream. It begins with a review of what we know about the relationship between inequality, well-being, and attitudes about future mobility. It summarizes what we know from survey data on attitudes about inequality and opportunity...

... are in new experiments that show that very simple interventions that provide hope, such as the provision of a modest asset or simply affirmation and a more positive attitude, can make a difference to the subsequent performance of the poor or destitute. education hard work beliefs health inequality...

... process also continued to pump air into the AP balloon. The fifth factor is the forceful marketing and lobbying activities of the College Board itself. As AP has expanded, it has done so unevenly, however, giving rise to multiple issues of fairness. The chapter then considers these inequalities. Advanced...

...This chapter looks at how the achievement of equality in western Europe was limited in scope. In England, it turned on removing the disabilities that prevented Jews from exercising political rights. In France, it entailed removing vestiges of inequality that qualified the Jews' supposedly full...

... II, American Jewry's civil defense organizations engaged in a concerted emancipation campaign. Jews collaborated with African Americans, Catholics, and other minorities to end inequality. That campaign succeeded: from the 1940s to the 1960s, state and federal civil rights laws, and court rulings...

... as an enduring principle was not originally associated with the term “secularism” when it first entered the nineteenth-century lexicon. In fact, the inequality of the sexes was fundamental to the separation of church and state that inaugurated Western modernity. The book reveals how the assertion that secularism...

... regulation, such as the courts' ability to protect injured consumers, regulatory protection in consumer law, rules against unconscionable contracts, and people's ability to protect themselves. It also examines how disclosures make decisions worse, harm lenders and markets, and exacerbate inequality. Finally...

... in development, rising intolerance for inequality need not be seen as a sign of a crisis of capitalism, or of having to choose between growth or equality. Psychological effects, like the “tunnel effect,” are highly contingent, and one has to understand them carefully before jumping to big conclusions. After all...

... imagination. In an age in which our academic disciplines require ever-greater specialization and narrowness, it is rare to encounter an intellectual who can transform how we think about inequality by writing about traffic, or who can slip in a quote from Flaubert to reveal something surprising about taxes...

...This concluding chapter considers early twenty-first-century immigration controls as furthering national economic advantage. The immigrant I.M. Pei, with his imported talent and skills, illustrates the diminishing of racial inequality through his exceptional accomplishments and success even as he...

... social organization and promote class equality would paradoxically have to create classes and class stratification from the forms of status inequality proper to the villagers. The processes unleashed by class war reconfigured both village social relations and individuals...