...This concluding chapter summarizes the main findings and addresses the current state of movement news attention. If journalism offers a first rough draft of history, it has provided an extensive if uneven one for US social movements. In the 2020s, movement activists face a brave new media world...

... in a community of interest are faced with challenges and potential alternatives to their usual style of action. The activists' responses to these tests show concretely what kinds of decisions, arguments, and avoidances perpetuate a community of interest. A community of interest is not intrinsically more...

... with Istiqlali activists. The Istiqlali Syrian activists helped ʻAbd alʻAziz to use Hijazi sovereignty fully and to gain acceptance among post-Ottoman Arabs. ‘Abd al ‘Aziz Arab Saudi kingdom Hijazi Kingdom Satia Priya al Din Khayr al Husayn Faysal Istiqlali network Yasin Yusuf...

... representation and ethnic nationalism. Republican-secularist Syrians, who advocated the new League norms instead of the imperial ones, had to make a series of compromises with the Istiqlali activists and the French High Commission. Instead of a secular republic, they therefore declared a Muslim...

...This chapter considers the variety of political calculations that drove activists, organizations, and social movements to pursue the creation of positive rights. It first explains the classic idea of constitutions as constraints before discussing the main assumptions of entrenchment theories...

...The concluding chapter examines how housewife populist ideology influenced a new generation of conservative female activists, and questions how the history of women on the right might bring useful scrutiny to the categories and assumptions that frame U.S. feminist and political history. It argues...

... rabbis and activists blamed the Internet, while others, including many religious therapists, blamed an ultra-Orthodoxy that had become too stringent and too rigid. The chapter emphasizes how faithful people and those living double lives came to a shared conclusion that the real threat of the medium...

... social enterprise. The profiles of four artistic social entrepreneurs in this chapter illustrate how their strategic and risk orientations and career pathways shape the social enterprises they envision and influence their assumption and enactment of their roles as artist activists. artistic social...

..., the chapter shows how Nashville AFM Local 257 had been transformed into a union representing both live and recording musicians and artists by a generation of arts trade union leaders who act as “corporate-era arts union activists.” Throughout the corporate era, Local 257 has developed and enforced master...

...This chapter examines how the emergence of the Tea Party movement corresponds with a spike in antispending rhetoric among congressional Republicans, who criticized particularistic projects that other legislators use to cultivate a personal vote. After Barack Obama's election, Republican activists...

... by the limits and constraints of a reactionary age as by the “freedom dreams” of energetic black activists. Hence, the lasting legacy of Marcus Garvey would be forged not in the radical moment of 1919–20, nor in the grand theatrics and ostentatious scheming that made Garvey famous, but in the sustained...

... benefits rather than collective responsibility had wide-ranging consequences. Tracing the development of METCO offers an important case study of the trade-offs that suburban liberal activists made in their quests to achieve social justice. The organizers' pragmatic approach ensured the acceptance...

...Josephine Roche (1886–1976) was a progressive activist, New Deal policymaker, and businesswoman. As a pro-labor and feminist member of Franklin D. Roosevelt's administration, she shaped the founding legislation of the U.S. welfare state and generated the national conversation about health care...

... and activists. American media coverage of the African nation exposed a clear contrast between the Pan-African ideal and the modern reality of Ethiopia as an antidemocratic imperialist state: Did Ethiopia represent the black nation of the future, or one of an inert and static past? Revising current...

...This chapter considers how young Islamist activists construct religious authority. To engage these questions, the author asked and allowed activists to construct for themselves what authority meant to them, with some even drawing an evolving organizational chart of their movements. The author...

...This chapter talks about how American women, like their counterparts in other advanced economies, have narrowed or even reversed the gap in important resources that form the prerequisites of political participation. Women have become reliable voters and civic activists; in other words...

...This chapter presents a new sociological theory of artist activism that addresses the question of how artist activists fashion their roles as artist activists. Specifically, the theory addresses how individual subjective orientations shape the repertoire of individual and collective actions...

... "Family Life According to the Muslim Brotherhood" Naggar flqh jurisprudence hadith Islamic nationalism Kishk Muhammad Jalal secularism Muslim women women activists Arab Spring soft force Egypt One of the most visible public faces of the 2011 revolution in Egypt was Asmaʾ Mahfouz, a young woman...

...This chapter focuses on the strong attraction that Ireland held for Afro-Caribbean and African American intellectuals and activists such as Marcus Garvey, Cyril Briggs, Claude McKay, Hubert Harrison, W.E.B. Du Bois, and A. Philip Randolph. The Afro-Caribbean activists, in particular, took...

...This chapter discusses how memory activists have worked to resurrect Polish Jewish history and awaken Poles' memories of Jews in the past two decades. The recognition of Jewish absence in its historical-temporal dimension can activate a phenomenological aspect of absence: the experience of absence...