... resistance Apuleius trial AD 158 Brenton Howard interracial marriages The Romans in Britain play Claudius “subduing” Britannia relief Marcus Aurelius M Cocceius Firmus Trajan Aurelian Column Britain Roman Britannia Dacian War Smith R R R Trajan’s Column Roman Empire sex sexuality sexual power...

... exploitation pollution Roman Empire taxation Roman archaeology gold mines Las Medulas gold mine Spanish gold mines Late Republican Empire Constantine Empire Early Principate economic growth Third Century Empire coinage Augustus Brazilian Serra Palada gold mine copper production Diocletian...

... cult Tripolitania province Roman art Roman Empire power Romanized style Libya indigenous traditions This chapter concerns the intersection of art and power in the Roman world, but it is also about how we study Roman art. A common emphasis on the formal qualities of so-called...

...This chapter discusses the importance of Sicily to the beginnings of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire can be defined in terms of the relationship between its center and its edges, a relationship first created by the identification of Sicily as provincia. This abstract formula...

...This chapter examines the Victorian conceptualization of history and of the historical novel as a genre of fiction by situating novels of the Roman Empire within four interconnected polemical contexts to which they made an active contribution: religion, history, national identity, and politics...

...This chapter examines particular novels of the Roman Empire and their engagement with antiquity—which often takes the form of a polemical appropriation. It asks how Jews fit into this normative world, how sexual identity is an issue, whether a negotiation can be found between the barbarism of early...

...This chapter relates the historical fiction of early Christianity in the Roman Empire to the intellectual lives of their authors, and uses this to see something of the social network within which the books emerged and to which they spoke. It first considers Victorian biography as a genre, showing...

...This chapter asserts that the economy of the early Roman Empire was primarily a market economy. The parts of this economy located far from each other were not tied together as tightly as markets often are today, but they still functioned as part of a comprehensive Mediterranean market...

...This chapter takes the scattered price data that have survived in order to make an index of Roman inflation. The index cannot describe the details of inflation, but it allows comparison between periods of time. The chapter suggests that the persistent inflation of the late Roman Empire came from...

... as “Byzantium,” distinct from the eastern Roman Empire, and it remains the case that the Byzantines thought of themselves as Romans. Nevertheless, adopting a later periodization risks obscuring the fact that what people call Byzantium had a long earlier history; it was not a new state formed only...

...This epilogue addresses the weakening of the Roman state. In the third century CE, the Roman Empire began having trouble maintaining its geographical integrity, a problem that would grow noticeably worse thereafter. The split between an eastern and western half in 395 CE was the most dramatic...

...This chapter frames our current state of knowledge about the physical climate in the period of the Roman Empire's expansion, flourishing, and final fragmentation, at roughly 200 BCE to 600 CE. The emphasis here is on the new evidence of paleoclimate proxy data. The chapter explores what...

...This chapter studies refugee settlement in the Holy Roman Empire's eastern regions. The Swedish invasion of Poland began during the first week of July of 1655, sparking a flight of refugees across the Commonwealth's western border to the neighboring region of Silesia. Even before the Swedish army...

...This chapter explores how Jewish refugees dealt with the problems involved in starting their lives afresh in the Holy Roman Empire—a dynamic and creative process whose effects were felt well beyond their immediate circle. A key issue the refugees faced in the empire was their feelings...

... responsible for the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. Moreover, Immanuel Kant's political vision passed on to posterity, which then became the starting point of a new set of attempts to establish an intellectually coherent relationship between history and politics. The History of the Troglodytes...

... in the southwest corner of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation. In the eighteenth century, the Holy Roman Empire was the general political organization that connected the hundreds of more or less sovereign polities in German-speaking central Europe. Especially important for understanding Oppenheimer's case...

... in the face of modern warfare, Baxter calls upon the nation's resources of antiquity to produce a counteroffensive against the ancient Roman Empire that Mussolini looked upon with such nostalgia. It also discusses the occasional verse by lesser lights and unknown bards such as Rufus Gibson and Jay N. Hill...

...Despite what history has taught us about imperialism's destructive effects on colonial societies, many classicists continue to emphasize disproportionately the civilizing and assimilative nature of the Roman Empire and to hold a generally favorable view of Rome's impact on its subject peoples...

... Mediterranean would ever know, the Roman Empire. Subsequent economic decline coincided with state disintegration. How are the two processes related? This book investigates how the organizational structure of trade benefited from state institutions. Although enforcement typically depended on private actors...

... organized to be of utilitarian value. Yet, as this book shows, it offers more insights into Roman ideas about economic growth than any other ancient source. This book is the first comprehensive study of Pliny's economic thought and its implications for understanding the economy of the Roman Empire...