... Ludovico Cardano Girolamo Patrizi Francesco Petrarca Francesco Poliziano Angelo Zabarella Giacomo Nichols James Schmitt Charles Dominis Marcantonio de Bill John Micanzio Fulgenzio Sarpi Paolo Peace of Westphalia Thirty Years’ War religion Christianity Catholicism Protestantism Martin...

... abstractly discusses the fundamental themes of Christianity. The Postscript, meanwhile, deals both discursively and profoundly with the philosophic problems involved in Christianity. Rather than embarking on an analysis of the Postscript, however, the chapter instead...

.... The chapter lays out the background of the publication of the Edifying Discourses, revealing insights into Kierkegaard and how he treated his subject matter, as well as how his Discourses should be read in turn. Edifying Discourses Christian Discourses God's...

... for a polemic assault on the establishment, quite determined to “hold out.” Kierkegaard's aim was the deplorable state of Christianity in Christendom, his one thesis was that “Christianity no longer exists.” Here, the chapter turns to the two victims of his initial attacks: Professor Hans L. Martensen...

...This chapter looks at how Kierkegaard had gone about declaring his one thesis, “Christianity no longer exists,” through a “godly satire,” as well as the controversies surrounding his polemical attacks on the Church. Everything he wrote at this time was—in sharp contrast to his usual copiousness...

...This chapter studies Christian education in the post-Chalcedonian Middle East. It is unlikely that an attempt would be made to educate all young Christian boys—the need for child labor in an overwhelmingly agrarian society would have made such a goal difficult to achieve. In fact, it was perhaps...

...This chapter discusses the tensions between advocates of Christianity and those of Man: A Course of Study (MACOS). Throughout the 1970s, alternative Christian radio and television shows gained in popularity, as did Christian movies, sex manuals, textbooks, and universities. As a young ambitious...

...This chapter explores a small and neglected group of martyrs who converted from Islam to Christianity. It is divided into five sections: the first surveys the evidence for true apostasy in legal, historical, and ritual literature written by Muslims and Christians. The second discusses the life...

... component parts. At issue, often, has been to what extent the faithful should make common cause with, or against, people who do not profess Christianity at all, or who profess the wrong kind. Those fissures and fusions have been propelled by many immediate historical conditions, but also by a variety...

... told through the histories of Sabbatianism and Hasidism. The manuscript transmission of Ari Nohem was typical rather than aberrant for texts written by early modern Jewish intellectuals on a variety of subjects: polemical writings on Christianity, esoteric kabbalistic treatises...

...This chapter shows that a parallel framing of the Indies as a missionary field was crucial in informing, and sometimes challenging the colonial enterprises. In many instances, Dutch missionaries saw a chance for Christianizing the natives given what appeared to them as the natives' weak...

...This introductory chapter provides an overview of Christianity in the twentieth century. The twentieth century has suffered comparative neglect at the hands of modern Western historians of Christianity, who have, on the whole, remained more interested in the intellectual and social challenges posed...

...This chapter assesses how migratory trajectories in the twentieth century became channels of transmission of southern or eastern styles of Christianity to urban locations in the northern and western hemispheres, so that Latino/a, Chinese, Korean, and—rather later—African churches became...

...This concluding chapter argues that the twentieth century was indeed a period of extraordinary and sustained Christian growth in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia. Yet it also witnessed a serious recession from Christian faith in most of Europe, Australasia, and parts of North America...

...This concluding chapter reflects on the successes of Louis IX's to convert Muslims and pagans to Christianity. It considers the effects of these successes on the events of 1270. After all, conversion was a major motivating factor in the king's last crusade. This expedition took him to his death...

...This chapter provides a background on the rise and eventual decline of New Christian merchants in Iberia between 1391 and 1497, descendants of Jews forced to convert to Christianity. The New Christian merchants played a significant role in intercontinental trade over several centuries before...

... in their economic activity but also in bringing non-Jewish murderers to justice. Meanwhile, efforts to bring back converts were only partially successful: a royal order was obtained permitting Jews who had converted to Orthodox Christianity to return, but it did not help converts to Catholicism, and the policy...

... of secularism as it had been defined in the nineteenth-century anticlerical campaigns but the home of what was derided as godless atheism. In this new discourse, the secular and the Christian were increasingly considered synonymous, and women's sexual emancipation became the primary indicator of gender equality...

... the early Christian and Byzantine era, Kythera maintained the same close connection to the mainland that had existed from the time of the Argive–Spartan rivalry. The introduction of Christianity in the fourth century AD was allegedly due to Hosia Elesse, and its tenth-century revival was almost certainly...

...This chapter examines book burning as a form of purification, designed to protect readers and listeners from inaccurate or downright misleading material, during the early Byzantine period. Throughout the fourth and fifth centuries, when Christianity was struggling to define its theology more...