
Contents
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A Forgotten Bestseller of the Ars Mercatoria A Forgotten Bestseller of the Ars Mercatoria
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Crisis on the Guyenne Shore Crisis on the Guyenne Shore
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New Christians, Crypto-Jews, and New Jews in Bordeaux New Christians, Crypto-Jews, and New Jews in Bordeaux
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Commerce in a Changing Legal and Social Order Commerce in a Changing Legal and Social Order
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“The fire of chicanery” “The fire of chicanery”
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Conclusion Conclusion
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4 Bordeaux, the Specter of Crypto-Judaism, and the Changing Status of Commerce
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Published:February 2019
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Abstract
This chapter looks at the circumstances in which Étienne Cleirac composed his writings. Whether Cleirac coined or merely repeated it, the legend of the Jewish invention of marine insurance and bills of exchange was his attempt at making sense of the changes in the legal, political, and social orders that the expansion of overseas commerce set in motion. Cleirac's life unfolded in a city where Jews were indistinguishable from local and foreign Christian merchants involved in long-distance trade, many of whom no longer belonged to a guild. It would not have surprised anyone in seventeenth-century France that New Christians, Catholics, and Protestants signed each other's bills of exchange and underwrote each other's marine insurance policies. Until 1723, however, crypto-Judaism was an institutionalized reality in Bordeaux. As such, the specter of crypto-Judaism infuses Cleirac's narrative of the origins of marine insurance and bills of exchange.
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