
Contents
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The Habsburg Heartland The Habsburg Heartland
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The Habsburg Power Gradient The Habsburg Power Gradient
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The Danube: “Spinal Column” of Empire The Danube: “Spinal Column” of Empire
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Conquering Distance Conquering Distance
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Rivers and Time Rivers and Time
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The Alps: Ramparts of Empire The Alps: Ramparts of Empire
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Mountains and Time Mountains and Time
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Habsburg Periphery Habsburg Periphery
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The Southeastern Frontier: Adriatic to Black Sea Delta The Southeastern Frontier: Adriatic to Black Sea Delta
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The Northeastern Frontier: Carpathians to Oder The Northeastern Frontier: Carpathians to Oder
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The Southwestern Frontier: Adriatic to Alps The Southwestern Frontier: Adriatic to Alps
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The Northwestern Frontier: Inn to Oder The Northwestern Frontier: Inn to Oder
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Effects of Geography on Strategy Effects of Geography on Strategy
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Conceptualizing Space Conceptualizing Space
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The Pull of Frontiers The Pull of Frontiers
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The Big Picture The Big Picture
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2 Empire of the Danube: The Geography of Habsburg Power
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Published:October 2019
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Abstract
This chapter describes the Habsburg Monarchy’s physical environment, how it influenced Habsburg perceptions of space, and the vulnerabilities and advantages that it created in competition with other major powers. Like all states, the Habsburg Monarchy depended for its survival on the ability to exercise undisputed control over a clearly defined territorial space. This in turn involved two tasks: building a sound political and economic base, and providing security against internal or external attack. In the first task, the Habsburgs enjoyed the advantage of a compact, riparian heartland bounded on most sides by mountains. The second task was made difficult in the extreme by the empire’s wider east-central European security environment. This combination of defensible local terrain and geopolitical vulnerability influenced how Habsburg leaders thought about and conducted strategy by encouraging the development of strategic forms of knowledge to conceptualize space for defensive purposes, and pulling attention outward to the frontiers, while demanding the maintenance of a “big picture” capable of taking in the security position of the Habsburg Empire as a whole.
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