
Contents
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1. Languages and Dialects 1. Languages and Dialects
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2. Distances between Languages 2. Distances between Languages
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2.1. Lexicostatistical Distances 2.1. Lexicostatistical Distances
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2.2. Cladistic Distances 2.2. Cladistic Distances
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2.3. Distances Based on Learning Scores 2.3. Distances Based on Learning Scores
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2.4. Garbage and Rubbish: Caveats in Using Distances 2.4. Garbage and Rubbish: Caveats in Using Distances
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3. Distances between Groups 3. Distances between Groups
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3.1. Linguistic Communication Distances 3.1. Linguistic Communication Distances
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3.2. Genetic Distances 3.2. Genetic Distances
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3.3. Cultural Distances 3.3. Cultural Distances
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4. Summary 4. Summary
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3 Linguistic, Genetic, and Cultural Distances: How Far Is Nostratic?
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Published:April 2011
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Abstract
This chapter discusses the linguistic, genetic, and cultural aspects of a society or a nation. These aspects are often correlated, since all three are closely linked not only to nature but also to learning and history, that is, nurture. One can therefore wonder when it is appropriate to choose one or the other in representing the proximity of individuals or groups to which they belong. In some cases, one of the measures is obvious. This is so when describing the difficulty of acquiring a foreign language, though even here there may be other types of proximities at work between, say, a Swedish and a Danish speaker than the mere proximity of the two languages. Otherwise there is no obvious answer, and certainly no theory to invoke.
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