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Islam Under an Illiberal State Islam Under an Illiberal State
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Leiden, Cairo, and Mecca Leiden, Cairo, and Mecca
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Clouds Gather over the Office for Native Affairs Clouds Gather over the Office for Native Affairs
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Twelve Hardenings and Partings, 1919–1942
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Published:August 2011
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Abstract
This chapter shows how, with the rise of a national movement couched by some of the actors in terms of Islam, the advisors and their reformist fellow-travelers would be blamed and marginalized by a reactionary colonial state, just in time for the Japanese occupation. The disastrous events of the Afdeeling B and its aftermath did not immediately destroy the relationship between the colonial advisors and the state, but they showed only too clearly that matters modern were not resolved. They also empowered forces whose ascent would result in the practical excommunication of the Office for Native Affairs from key decisions impacting the lives of Indonesians disabused of the promises of colonial tutelage. The campaigners of Sarekat Islam and related bodies would be forced to withdraw as well from a political field increasingly dominated by nationalist and communist agitators, who directed their rhetorical attacks at those they believed had engendered the pervasive backwardness of Indonesians.
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