
Contents
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The Nature of Bias The Nature of Bias
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Varieties of Bias in Politics Varieties of Bias in Politics
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Special Interest Bias Special Interest Bias
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“Knowledge Falsification” by the Majority “Knowledge Falsification” by the Majority
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Innate Majoritarian Bias Innate Majoritarian Bias
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Status Quo Bias Status Quo Bias
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Cultural Cognition and Motivated Reasoning Cultural Cognition and Motivated Reasoning
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Framing Framing
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Democratic Institutions and Cognitive Diversity as a Constraint on Bias Democratic Institutions and Cognitive Diversity as a Constraint on Bias
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Democratic Institutions Democratic Institutions
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The Diversity of Citizens in Democratic Updating The Diversity of Citizens in Democratic Updating
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Constraint of Bias through Political Representatives and Experts Constraint of Bias through Political Representatives and Experts
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Democracy’s Capacity to Act in the Face of Bias Democracy’s Capacity to Act in the Face of Bias
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Information Technology and Bias Information Technology and Bias
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter surveys the many kinds of political bias. These include special interest bias, “knowledge falsification” by the majority, innate majoritarian bias, status quo bias, cultural cognition and motivated reasoning, and framing. It then shows that democracy is often able to overcome biases within the citizenry, because it takes only a majority or a relatively modest supermajority of people to change ordinary legislative policy. Thus, if many, or even most, people are imprisoned by their own worldviews, misled by politicians' frames, or remain ignorant of all new information relevant to public policy, the shift of a relatively small portion of voters can often make a decisive difference.
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