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Part front matter for Part IV Politics and Policy: The Case of National Security
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Published:March 2012
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One of my biggest efforts has been to root the history of national security—a policy that has usually been described as separate and distinct from other issues—squarely within the domestic political realm. In “Détente and Domestic Politics” and “Conservatives, Carter, and the Politics of National Security,” I show how debates over foreign policy can only be understood by taking into account domestic political forces. American policymakers rarely enjoy any kind of strong insulation from the campaign trail and they have almost always been forced to contend with the electoral pressures that emerge every two years.
My essays differ from the two prevailing approaches toward understanding this relationship. One of these is the literature on the growth of the “military-industrial complex.” Scholars in several disciplines had looked at how World War I and the Cold War produced an iron triangle of defense contractors, congressional committee chairs, and Pentagon officials who coordinated to push for a bigger defense budget and who refused to allow for substantive reforms in the ways that the federal government spent defense appropriations. A second contingent of historians who were influenced by William Appleman Williams wrote about how economic interests determined what areas would be of concern to policymakers. Others looked at how national cultural ideals, such as imperialism or American Exceptionalism, to explain why a once isolationist country ended up in the business of state-building.
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