
Contents
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Period and Structure of Analysis Period and Structure of Analysis
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Measuring Conflict Initiation Measuring Conflict Initiation
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Measuring the Extent of Opposition with Political Parties Measuring the Extent of Opposition with Political Parties
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Measuring Media Access Measuring Media Access
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Measuring Press Freedom Measuring Press Freedom
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Additional Controls Additional Controls
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Results Results
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Democratic Constraint among Democracies Democratic Constraint among Democracies
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Alternative Measures of Conflict Alternative Measures of Conflict
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The Independent Effects of Opposition and Access The Independent Effects of Opposition and Access
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Conclusion Conclusion
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Appendix 1: Statistical Tables and Robustness Tests Appendix 1: Statistical Tables and Robustness Tests
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Appendix 2: The Role of the Internet Appendix 2: The Role of the Internet
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3 Democratic Constraint, the Democratic Peace, and Conflict Initiation
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Published:April 2015
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Abstract
This chapter examines democratic constraint, democratic peace, and conflict initiation. It begins with a time-series, cross-sectional analysis of conflict initiation in all possible pairs of countries (that is, all dyads) from 1965 to 2006. This analysis reveals the interactive relationship between media access and political opposition. Across a variety of indicators of conflict, states with media and political institutions that facilitate the flow of information between leaders and the public are less prone to initiate military conflicts. These findings suggest not only an underlying mechanism that could fuel the democratic peace proposition, but also that not all democracies are likely to be equally peaceful. Aside from conflict initiation and the extent of opposition with political parties, press freedom is also measured.
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