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The Death of Pericles and the Rise of the Demagogues The Death of Pericles and the Rise of the Demagogues
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A Change in the Political Players? A Change in the Political Players?
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A Seeming but Misleading Break A Seeming but Misleading Break
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The Socratic Critique: A Stratēgos Without Influence The Socratic Critique: A Stratēgos Without Influence
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The Periclean Moment: A General Pedagogical Failure The Periclean Moment: A General Pedagogical Failure
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A Long-Term Evolution: The Establishment of “Tyranny” by the People A Long-Term Evolution: The Establishment of “Tyranny” by the People
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9 After Pericles: The Decline of Athens?
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Published:July 2014
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Abstract
This chapter considers the notion that Pericles' death marked the starting point of Athens's decadence. In The Peloponnesian War, Thucydides asserts that the death of Pericles was a turning point in the history of Athens. He describes Pericles' “reign” as a clear dividing line between a community led by a virtuous elite and a democratic city abandoned to the hands of kakoi—the despicable demagogues. The chapter first considers the claim that the death of Pericles opened the door to “demagogues” who led Athens to disaster, in contrast to the stratēgos who led the city to its greatest achievements. It then examines the argument of the Socratic authors—Plato, Xenophon, and Antisthenes—that Pericles was incapable of educating his contemporaries. It also discusses the relations between Pericles and democracy by drawing on Plato's analyses.
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