The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800
The Age of the Democratic Revolution: A Political History of Europe and America, 1760-1800
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Abstract
For the Western world, the period from 1760 to 1800 was the great revolutionary era in which the outlines of the modern democratic state came into being. Here for the first time in one volume is the author's account of this incendiary age. The book argues that the American, French, and Polish revolutions—and the movements for political change in Britain, Ireland, Holland, and elsewhere—were manifestations of similar political ideas, needs, and conflicts. The book traces the clash between an older form of society, marked by legalized social rank and hereditary or self-perpetuating elites, and a new form of society that placed a greater value on social mobility and legal equality. Featuring a new foreword, the book introduces a new generation of readers to this enduring work of political history.
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Front Matter
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Part 1 The Challenge
R. R. Palmer-
I
The Age of the Democratic Revolution
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II
Aristocracy About 1760: The Constituted Bodies
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III
Aristocracy about 1760: Theory and Practice
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IV
Clashes with Monarchy
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V
A Clash with Democracy: Geneva and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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VI
The British Parliament Between King and People
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VII
The American Revolution: The Forces in Conflict
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VIII
The American Revolution: The People as Constituent Power
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IX
Europe and the American Revolution
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X
Two Parliaments Escape Reform
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XI
Democrats and Aristocrats—Dutch, Belgian, and Swiss
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XII
The Limitations of Enlightened Despotism
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XIII
The Lessons of Poland
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XIV
The French Revolution: The Aristocratic Resurgence
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XV
The French Revolution: The Explosion of 1789
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I
The Age of the Democratic Revolution
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Part 2 The Struggle
R. R. Palmer-
XVI
The Issues and the Adversaries
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XVII
The Revolutionizing of the Revolution
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XVIII
Liberation and Annexation: 1792–1793
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XIX
The Survival of the Revolution in France
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XX
Victories of the Counter-Revolution in Eastern Europe
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XXI
The Batavian Republic
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XXII
The French Directory: Mirage of the Moderates
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XXIII
The French Directory between Extremes
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XXIV
The Revolution comes to Italy
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XXV
The Cisalpine Republic
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XXVI
1798: The High Tide of Revolutionary Democracy
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XXVII
The Republics at Rome and Naples
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XXVIII
The Helvetic Republic
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XXIX
Germany: The Revolution of the Mind
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XXX
Britain: Republicanism and the Establishment
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XXXI
America: Democracy Native and Imported
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XXXII
Climax and Dénouement
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XVI
The Issues and the Adversaries
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End Matter
- Appendix I References for the Quotations at Heads of Chapters
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Appendix II
Translations of Metrical Passages
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Appendix III
Excerpts from Certain Basic Legal Documents
- Appendix IV The Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776, and the French Declaration of Rights of 1789
- Appendix V “Democratic” and “Bourgeois” Characteristics in the French Constitution of 1791
- Index
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