
Contents
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3.1 Climbing High 3.1 Climbing High
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3.2 Symmetric Competition 3.2 Symmetric Competition
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3.3 Epistasis in RNA Viruses 3.3 Epistasis in RNA Viruses
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3.4 Experimental Virus Landscapes 3.4 Experimental Virus Landscapes
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3.5 The Survival of the Flattest Effect 3.5 The Survival of the Flattest Effect
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3.6 Virus Robustness 3.6 Virus Robustness
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3.6.1 Intrinsic Mechanisms of Mutational Robustness 3.6.1 Intrinsic Mechanisms of Mutational Robustness
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3.6.2 Extrinsic Mechanisms of Mutational Robustness 3.6.2 Extrinsic Mechanisms of Mutational Robustness
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3.7 Selection: Fitness versus Robustness 3.7 Selection: Fitness versus Robustness
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Cite
Abstract
This chapter begins by discussing fitness landscape, an idea first introduced by evolutionary geneticist Sewall Wright and later extended by several other authors. The fitness landscape is defined in terms of some particular traits that are implicit in the virus particle phenotype and are usually described in terms of replication rate or infectivity. The landscape appears in most textbook plots as a multi-peaked surface. Local maxima represent optimal fitness values, which can be reached through mutation from a subset of lower-fitness neighbors. Given an initial condition defined by a quasi-species distribution localized somewhere in the sequence space, the population will evolve by exploring nearest positions through mutation. The remainder of the chapter deals with symmetric competition, epistasis in RNA viruses, experimental virus landscapes, the survival of the flattest effect, and virus robustness.
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