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Rina Tzinman, Thinking Parts and Embodiment, The Philosophical Quarterly, Volume 71, Issue 1, January 2021, Pages 163–182, https://doi.org/10.1093/pq/pqaa020
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Abstract
According to the thinking parts problem, any part sufficient for thought—e.g. a head—is a good candidate for being a thinker, and therefore being us. So we can’t assume that we—thinkers—are (or are constituted by) human beings rather than their proper parts. Many solutions to this problem have been proposed. However, I will show that the views currently on the market all face serious problems. I will then offer a new solution that avoids these problems. The thinking parts problem arises from considerations that seem to be empirically substantiated. One virtue of my solution is that in addition to its theoretical apparatus it appeals to empirically substantiated considerations.