
Contents
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Colombia Colombia
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A historical glimpse at politics and a multilayered conflict A historical glimpse at politics and a multilayered conflict
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City, urbanization and violence City, urbanization and violence
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Patterns of violence in peripheral cities Patterns of violence in peripheral cities
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El Salvador El Salvador
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From autocracy to violent democracy From autocracy to violent democracy
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Street gangs, organized crime and violence Street gangs, organized crime and violence
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City, urbanization and violence City, urbanization and violence
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Patterns of violence in peripheral cities Patterns of violence in peripheral cities
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Conclusions Conclusions
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2 Setting the Stage: Politics, Violence and Peripheral Cities in Colombia and El Salvador
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Published:June 2024
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Abstract
This chapter briefly introduces the main characteristics of Colombia’s and El Salvador’s national contexts, emphasizing the complex relationship between politics and violence from a historical perspective, and the impact of the latter on urbanization processes. It also examines the trends in peripheral cities. The chapter is structured around three assumptions: first, Colombia and El Salvador are political regimes in which elements of formal democracy co-exist with authoritarian institutions and violence; second, in both cases, urbanization processes are closely intertwined with the dynamics of violence experienced by these countries; and third, while violence has affected peripheral cities in both there is significant variation between cases and across time. The analytical framework developed here serves as the basis for the case studies examined in subsequent chapters. Considering the intricacies of the relationship between order and violence, the contrasts in quantitative trends across cases hint at the existence of violent orders in some cities but not in others. This raises the crucial question of why the occurrence of violence varies across cities – or, more specifically, why and how some have become loci of violent orders while others have not.
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