Volume 171, Issue 4, August 2016

Homeostasis and remodeling of the chloroplast proteome involve various “processing” and “processive” proteases.

Gene duplicates are prevalent in plants and in some cases contribute to evolutionary novelty.

Plants expressing a chloroplast-localized Cameleon Ca²⁺ probe allow single-organelle analysis of chloroplast Ca²⁺ dynamics.

LobeFinder, a new convex hull-based cell phenotyping tool, creates a coordinate system for cell boundary changes and detects lobe positions in epidermal pavement cells.

Expressologs identify functional orthologs and will be a powerful tool in future orthology assignment.

Equations for stomatal density and maximum theoretical stomatal conductance as functions of stomatal initiation rate, epidermal cell size, and stomatal size enable scaling from development to flux.

Inositol polyphosphate binding specificity of the jasmonate receptor is largely determined by the F-box protein COI1.

Idioblasts from Catharanthus roseus leaves specifically accumulate alkaloids and show autofluorescence that enabled the fluorescence-activated cell sorting of a population of idioblast protoplasts.

Current research into the FERONIA family of receptor kinases highlights both questions and opportunities for understanding signaling strategies in plant growth and survival.

A pathway converting C16 and C18 fatty acids to alkanes or alkenes, involving the light-dependent transformation of cis-vaccenic acid into 7-heptadecene, is present in various microalgae.

Saturating light induces oil storage in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, and the newly formed oil accumulates in lipid droplets distinct in protein and lipid compositions from those induced by nitrogen starvation.

The xylan decoration pattern in all lineages of gymnosperms permits hydrogen bonding of xylan to cellulose.

Production of plant lysine-derived alkaloids originates with the convergent evolution of lysine decarboxylase.

Overflow in triacylglycerol is insufficient to explain carbon storage during nutrient deprivation.

Silencing two cytochome P450 genes reduces steroidal glycoalkaloid content and stops tuber sprouting.

Light availability remodels carbon partitioning between organelles toward a greater TAG accumulation in Nannochloropsis gaditana.

Stilbene prenyltransferase that utilizes DMAPP from the plastidic terpenoid pathway shows a high substrate specificity.

Processes that generate metabolite diversity and reprogram hormone biosynthesis are coordinately regulated to impart stress tolerance in Arabidopsis.

Plants devoid of FTSH4, one of the ATP-dependent metalloproteases in mitochondria, reveal an increased number of abnormal mitochondria, decreased respiratory complexes, and lower amounts of cardiolipins, which is suggested to cause the observed accumulation of oxidative damage.

C-terminally encoded peptides together with the CRA2 receptor regulate nodulation and lateral root development through ethylene-dependent and ethylene-independent pathways, respectively, in Medicago truncatula.

Variability in Rubisco kinetic parameters and their temperature dependency demonstrate differences in photosynthetic efficiency in the most important crops worldwide.

Rice root genetic regions determining root architectural plasticity can be used for selection of improved adaptability to variable conditions.

A new photosynthetic path named “alarm photosynthesis” uses mesophyll calcium oxalate crystals as the CO₂ source when stomata are closed, providing adaptive advantages under drought conditions.

Comparative sequence analysis delineates conserved noncoding sequences that are functionally relevant, a subset of which are conserved throughout green plants.

Evolutionary and functional divergence of gene paralogs expressing polyketide synthases from Rheum emodi play into secondary metabolism and substrate selectivities.

The majority of miRNA targets require slicer activity of ARGONAUTE1 for repression at the mRNA level.

nana plant2 encodes an enzyme in the brassinosteroid biosynthetic pathway, and brassinosteroid and gibberellin interact in a developmentally specific manner to control maize architecture.

The juvenile phase of maize is correlated with elevated expression of stress-related genes.

DELAY OF GERMINATION18 QTL encodes a pseudophosphatase, involved in seed dormancy regulation.

Two alleles contributing to phenolic secondary metabolism provide markers for pathogen resistance in Norway spruce and have differential effects on resistance.

Protocorm-like body development does not utilize the somatic embryogenesis program in Phalaenopsis aphrodite.

SOB3 modulates seedling elongation by repressing the expression of genes associated with auxin signaling.

Photoprotective proteins PsbS and LhcSR3 accumulate rapidly in the photosynthetic membrane of Chlamydomonas during highlight stress with PsbS activating nonphotochemical quenching.

Mutation of the gene for AHA1, an H⁺-ATPase isoform, provides new insights into the stomatal regulation of Arabidopsis in response to blue light.

The three CBF genes are essential for freezing tolerance and affect seedling development and salt tolerance.

The transcription factor AtERF11 promotes stem growth by increasing GA biosynthesis and GA response in Arabidopsis.

The negative role of AtWRKY57 in Botrytis infection results from transcriptional competition between transcription factors WRKY57 and WRKY33 and their actions on downstream target JAZ1 and JAZ5 genes.

ARGOS proteins regulate ethylene signal transduction via protein-protein interactions.

Ethylene modulates the physiology of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 via the SynEtr1 ethylene receptor.

Abscisic acid signaling and biosynthesis are feedback-regulated by transcription factor OsbZIP23 that targets diverse genes involved in drought resilience.

Characterization of new constitutively active mutants of phytochromes reveals that both biologically active structure and nuclear localization are crucial for the light-independent function in plants.

The THO/TREX complex negatively regulates phosphate starvation-induced root-associated acid phosphatase activity by suppressing ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis.

A functional H3/H4 histone chaperone mediates abiotic stress adaptation via transcriptional regulation of diverse stress-related genes in rice.