Volume 165, Issue 1, May 2014

A highly efficient method transforms fern callus tissue, with rapid and simple selection for stable transgenic lines through antibiotic selection.

Artificial microRNAs and synthetic trans-acting small interfering RNAs produced from new, high-efficiency expression vectors induce reliable gene silencing in Arabidopsis.

Transgenes specifically targeting fatty acid synthesis, triacylglycerol synthesis, and triacylglycerol breakdown lead to an additive effect on seed oil content in Arabidopsis.

Isoprene biosynthesis demands a huge carbon flux through the plastidic isoprenoid pathway, and the concentration of its immediate precursor modulates this flux.

The hydrates formed from NADH and NADPH by chemical or enzymatic damage are repaired in plants by highly conserved enzymes that are targeted to multiple compartments.

Maize and Setaria viridis have independently recruited syntenic orthologs into the C₄ pathway, and transcript abundance in the mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of these species is highly convergent.

A pepper receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase and Xanthomonas effector complex promote cell death in a phosphorylation-dependent manner.

A mitochondrial pathway oxidizes hydrogen sulfide or persulfides derived from amino acid catabolism to thiosulfate and affects alternative respiration during carbohydrate starvation.

Expression of Dunaliella bardawil ζ-carotene desaturase is attributed to a hypoosmolarity-responsive element different from other key carotenogenic genes.

Coenzyme A reductases contribute to the production of triterpene saponin in ginseng.

Characteristics of vitamin B₁₂-mediated gene regulation in algae provide insight into the evolution of vitamin B₁₂ auxotrophy.

Despite evolutionary and structural differences between carboxysomes, Rubisco kinetics and in vivo performance are similar.

The charophyte green alga Penium margaritaceum possesses an experimentally tractable pectin domain in its cell wall that offers insight into wall assembly and polar growth in plants.

Organelles as intracellular osmosensors: Arabidopsis mutants unable to relieve plastid osmotic stress constitutively activate the same cellular responses as environmental osmotic stress.

The dynamic organization of cortical microtubules in plant cells is uncovered using structured illumination superresolution microscopy.

Transcription factor-like proteins without a DNA binding domain, are involved in a potentially ubiquitous layer of transcriptional regulation.

MicroRNA-regulated growth-regulating factors activate expression of specific targets to regulate floral organ development, affecting characteristics such as husk openness and sterile lemma length.

A genetic mapping population is developed and reveals female control of mating choice in plants.

The WRKY75 transcription factor is expressed in the pericycle and vascular tissues of the root and regulates root hair patterning in a non-cell-autonomous manner.

A mutated master regulator of zygotic embryogenesis is essential for creating somatic embryos and enhancing asexual propagation in Kalanchoë.

An alternative-splicing-based model explains the formation of retrogenes that retained the parental intron structure and indicates that plants have a much higher percentage of this kind of complex retrogene than animals.

Hybridization alters mutation rates in Arabidopsis.

A thylakoid membrane protein promotes the assembly of the protein complex that generates ATP in chloroplasts.

The Chlamydomonas reinhardtii pgr5 mutant shows photosynthetic and phenotypic traits that support the conservation of PGR5 in both redox-controlled cyclic electron flow and PSI photoprotection.

Cyclic electron flow (CEF) contributes to balancing the photosynthetic ATP/NADPH energy budget under high but not low light according to modeled ATP and NADPH demand and does not respond to changes in nitrate availability.

The redox state of the plastoquinone pool of Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 is regulated between narrow limits, in contrast to the more dynamic chlorophyll a fluorescence signal.

Phylogenetic analysis of members of the two-component signaling system identifies a previously unknown subfamily of putative cytokinin receptors.

Early seed development in rice is highly sensitive to heat stress and negatively affects seed enlargement because of epigenetic misregulation of endosperm development.

Diverse stresses can produce singlet oxygen in a light-independent manner and generate a singlet oxygen transcriptome footprint.

An Arabidopsis receptor-like kinase negatively regulates defense gene expression and resistance against microbial pathogens and is required for late responses to abscisic acid.

A glucosyltransferase and its two homologs play a critical role in ABA homeostasis by converting active ABA to an inactive ABA conjugate depending on intrinsic cellular and environmental conditions in plants.

In planta accumulation of short chitin oligomers results in a strong conditional phenotype.

Histone modification at the plant immune receptor gene modulates immune responses in Arabidopsis.

An Arabidopsis Heat Shock Factor affects tolerance to salt as well as other abiotic stresses, forms homodimers dependent on the redox regulation, interacts with MAP kinases, and alters the expression of a large set of stress-induced genes.

Rice His phosphotransfer proteins function as positive regulators of the cytokinin signaling pathway and play different roles in salt and drought tolerance in rice.

A lipase secreted by a pathogenic fungus during wheat head infection acts as an effector to inhibit the plant’s innate immunity-related callose biosynthesis for successful colonization.