https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4259-8296
-
Views
-
Cite
Cite
Magdalena M. Julkowska, Spot the Difference: Distinct Cargo-Specific Functionality of Two Closely Related SNAREs, Plant Physiology, Volume 178, Issue 4, December 2018, Pages 1432–1433, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.18.01333
Close - Share Icon Share
Extract
Exocytosis is a form of an active transport in which vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane. This vesicle transport secretes soluble cargo proteins and polysaccharides into the apoplast but also delivers membrane lipids and transmembrane proteins to the plasma membrane. Vesicle trafficking is initiated in the Golgi complex, where the cargoes are sorted and packed through Sar/Arf GTPases (Yorimitsu et al., 2014) into the transport vesicles for their final delivery. Vesicle tethering to the target membrane is accomplished by RAB GTPases (Rehman and Di Sansebastiano, 2014), while membrane fusion is mediated by SNARE complexes (Kim and Brandizzi, 2012). Based on the core amino acid sequence in the hydrophobic repeats of the SNARE motif, SNARE proteins can be divided into four groups: Qa (syntaxin1-like), Qb (N-terminal half of SNAP252-like), and Qc (C-terminal half of SNAP25 like), which are located on the target membranes, and R-SNAREs, which decorate the transport vesicle (Bock et al., 2001). The Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome contains 65 SNAREs (Kim and Brandizzi, 2012), twice as many as any typical mammalian or unicellular system (Sanderfoot, 2007). This apparent abundance of SNARE proteins coincides with increased multicellularity and the terrestrial lifestyle of plants, presumably facilitating mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in secretory and vacuolar transport (Sanderfoot, 2007).
