cover illustration MANF (mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor) and CDNF (conserved dopamine neurotrophic factor) are two new evolutionarily conserved neurotrophic factors that protect and repair midbrain dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo. Their structure reveals that the N-terminal domain is structurally homologous to the saposin family, which binds lipids. The top part of the figure shows that one side of MANF is conserved (blue and cyan), while the other (salmon and brown) is not. Below is a ribbon diagram in stereo showing the saposin fold with residues that differ between Drosophila MANF and human CDNF marked as spheres. These may explain the functional differences between the two factors. For further details please see Parkash et al. (pp. 233-241).