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Hiromichi Morikawa, Yasuyuki Yamada, Capillary Microinjection into Protoplasts and Intranuclear Localization of Injected Materials, Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 26, Issue 2, March 1985, Pages 229–236, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076901
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Abstract
By a direct microinjection through pressurized glass micropipettes, we injected fluorescent Lucifer Yellow, berberine and berberine-bound DNA into protoplasts isolated from cultured Euphorbia millii cells and from tobacco mesophyll cells. The protoplasts to be injected were held by a holding pipette with which the cytoplasm or nucleus of the protoplasts could be oriented with reference to the tip of the injection pipette. Upon microinjection of a berberine-bound DNA, the nucleus and intranuclear organelles, possibly including nucleolus, specifically exhibited yellow fluorescence due to berberine. This provides a direct evidence that DNA molecules can be microinjected into the intranuclear compartment of the protoplasts. The injected protoplasts survived the capillary microinjection.