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Yukio Kato, Polarity in Adventitious Bud Formation on Excised Leaves of Heloniopsis orientalis (Liliaceae), Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 22, Issue 7, November 1981, Pages 1325–1334, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a076285
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Abstract
The position of adventitious bud formation on isolated leaves from young, green and etiolated plants of Heloniopsis orientalis was considerably influenced by their orientation on the medium. Homogeneous distribution of buds over the whole surface of the leaves was observed in darkness, however, irrespective of their orientation. The polarity of the bud regeneration was influenced by the application of various growth regulators, such as fusicoccin, cytokinins or abscisic acid. All attempts to induce the formation of adventitious buds on the abaxial side of the leaves were unsuccessful. From the present and previous results, three polarity axes (longitudinal, transverse and dorsiventral axes) in the siting of bud formation on leaves are described. The gradient in the quantity and relative position of vascular bundles and changes in the stomatal density of a leaf are discussed in terms of their possible roles in the determination of the sites of budding on isolated leaves.